{"id":7821,"date":"2023-06-19T14:46:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-19T11:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/?p=7821"},"modified":"2023-07-05T14:48:13","modified_gmt":"2023-07-05T11:48:13","slug":"tls-nedir-nasil-calisir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/tls-nedir-nasil-calisir\/","title":{"rendered":"TLS Nedir, Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dijital i\u015flemlerin ve ileti\u015fimin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir d\u00fcnyada, g\u00fcvenlik en \u00f6nemli endi\u015fedir. Bu g\u00fcvenlik paradigmas\u0131n\u0131n hayati y\u00f6nlerinden biri, internet \u00fczerinden g\u00fcvenli bir ileti\u015fim ortam\u0131 sa\u011flamaktan sorumlu bir protokol olan Aktar\u0131m Katman\u0131 Transport Layer Security\u2019dir (TLS). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki TLS tam olarak nedir ve nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TLS Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Transport Layer Security (TLS) yani Aktar\u0131m Katman\u0131 G\u00fcvenli\u011fi, internet \u00fczerinden ileti\u015fim i\u00e7in kimlik do\u011frulama, gizlilik ve veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sa\u011flayan bir Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standart protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu protokol 1999’da yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve en son s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc 2018’deki TLS 1.3\u2019t\u00fcr. TLS’nin g\u00fcnl\u00fck kullan\u0131m durumu, iki sistem aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimi \u015fifrelemektir. TLS kritiktir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir ba\u011flant\u0131daki di\u011fer taraf\u0131n s\u00f6yledikleri ki\u015fi olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar, verilerin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc koruyup korumad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir ve \u015fifreleme yoluyla bir d\u00fczeyde gizlilik sa\u011flar. TLS, bu ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir dizi farkl\u0131 algoritma ve y\u00f6ntem kullan\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn kullan\u0131mda olan en \u00e7ok benimsenen ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan g\u00fcvenlik protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla a\u011f \u00fczerinden g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde veri al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren web taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ve di\u011fer uygulamalar i\u00e7in en uygun olan\u0131d\u0131r. TLS, e-posta ve di\u011fer protokolleri de g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TLS Neden \u00d6nemlidir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

TLS \u00f6nemli olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, dijital alanda dola\u015f\u0131rken bilgilerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flama yetene\u011finden kaynaklan\u0131r. \u0130ster bir e-posta g\u00f6nderiyor, ister \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i bir sat\u0131n alma i\u015flemi yap\u0131yor veya bir sosyal medya hesab\u0131na giri\u015f yap\u0131yor olun, iletti\u011finiz hassas veriler siber tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131zd\u0131r. TLS, bilgilerin yaln\u0131zca hedeflenen al\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan eri\u015filebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak bu risklerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TLS Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
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Kaynak: cheapsslshop<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

TLS’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 iki temel mekanizmaya ayr\u0131labilir: TLS Handshake Protokol\u00fc ve TLS Kay\u0131t Protokol\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. TLS Handshake Protokol\u00fc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ger\u00e7ek veri iletiminden \u00f6nce, istemci ve sunucunun \u00f6ncelikle kullan\u0131lacak \u015fifreleme y\u00f6ntemleri ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck kontrolleri \u00fczerinde anla\u015fmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu, TLS Handshake Protokol\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u0130stemci, TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, desteklenen \u015fifre paketlerinin listesini (\u015fifreleme y\u00f6ntemleri) ve “rastgele istemci” olarak bilinen rastgele bir bayt dizisini i\u00e7eren bir “ClientHello” mesaj\u0131 g\u00f6nderir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Sunucu, hem istemcinin hem de sunucunun destekledi\u011fi en y\u00fcksek TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ve en iyi \u015fifre paketini se\u00e7erek bir “ServerHello” mesaj\u0131yla yan\u0131t verir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda kendi \u201crastgele sunucusunu\u201d olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Sunucu, genel anahtar\u0131n\u0131 ve sertifikan\u0131n sahibi ve vereni hakk\u0131nda bilgileri i\u00e7eren dijital sertifikas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6nderir. Sunucu, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulama i\u00e7in m\u00fc\u015fterinin sertifikas\u0131n\u0131 da isteyebilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0130stemci, sunucunun sertifikas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frular ve sunucunun ortak anahtar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak “premaster secret” olarak bilinen yeni bir rastgele diziyi \u015fifreler ve sunucuya g\u00f6nderir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Hem istemci hem de sunucu, payla\u015f\u0131lan bir “master secret” olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in “client random”, “server random” ve “premaster secret” kullan\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • “Master secret” daha sonra yakla\u015fan g\u00fcvenli oturum i\u00e7in \u015fifreleme anahtarlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    2. TLS Kay\u0131t Protokol\u00fc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Handshake i\u015flemi tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, istemci ve sunucu “master secret”dan elde edilen simetrik anahtarla \u015fifrelenmi\u015f mesajlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015f toku\u015f eder. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, aktar\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda verilerin kurcalanmamas\u0131n\u0131 da sa\u011flayan TLS Kay\u0131t Protokol\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan denetlenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    TLS S\u00fcr\u00fcmleri<\/h2>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"
    Kaynak: aboutssl<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan bu yana, her biri g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ele alan ve geli\u015fmi\u015f g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zellikleri sunan \u00e7e\u015fitli TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri yay\u0131nland\u0131. Bug\u00fcn itibariyle en son s\u00fcr\u00fcm, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar ve geli\u015fmi\u015f g\u00fcvenlik dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00f6nceki s\u00fcr\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli iyile\u015ftirmeler sa\u011flayan TLS 1.3’t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. TLS 1.0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda SSL 3.0’a y\u00fckseltme olarak piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclen TLS 1.0, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Y\u00fckseltmeye ra\u011fmen, SSL 3.0 ile bir\u00e7ok benzerli\u011fi payla\u015ft\u0131, bu da ne yaz\u0131k ki baz\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Zamanla, TLS 1.0’da birka\u00e7 g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edildi ve bu da 2021’de IETF taraf\u0131ndan resmi olarak kullan\u0131mdan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. TLS 1.1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    2006’da yay\u0131nlanan TLS 1.1, selefine g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00fcvenlik iyile\u015ftirmeleri getirdi. \u015eifre blo\u011fu zincirleme (CBC) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruma ekledi ve belirli sald\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na direnmek i\u00e7in ba\u015flatma vekt\u00f6rlerinin daha iyi i\u015flenmesini dahil etti. Bu geli\u015ftirmelere ra\u011fmen, TLS 1.1 yayg\u0131n olarak benimsenmedi ve birka\u00e7 kurulu\u015f bu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc atlayarak do\u011frudan TLS 1.0’dan TLS 1.2’ye ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3. TLS 1.2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    2008’de piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclen TLS 1.2, protokol\u00fcn en yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde benimsenen s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. TLS 1.2, giderek daha savunmas\u0131z hale gelen MD5 ve SHA-1’e dayanan \u00f6nceki s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerin aksine, SHA-256 gibi daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hash i\u015flevlerini kullanma esnekli\u011fi de sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4. TLS 1.3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    A\u011fustos 2018’de yay\u0131nlanan TLS 1.3, 2021’deki en g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Protokolde \u00f6nemli bir revizyona i\u015faret eder ve birka\u00e7 \u00f6nemli iyile\u015ftirme i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Gecikme:<\/strong> \u00d6nceki s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerden farkl\u0131 olarak, bir TLS 1.3 anla\u015fmas\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bir gidi\u015f-d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f gerektirir, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131 kurma s\u00fcresini k\u0131salt\u0131r. Tekrarlanan ba\u011flant\u0131lar i\u00e7in s\u00fcreci daha da h\u0131zland\u0131ran bir “s\u0131f\u0131r gidi\u015f-d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f” modu da vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Geli\u015fmi\u015f G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong> TLS 1.3, daha eski, g\u00fcvenli olmayan kriptografik \u00f6zellikler i\u00e7in deste\u011fi kald\u0131rarak potansiyel sald\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fczeyini azalt\u0131r. \u0130letim gizlili\u011fini zorunlu k\u0131lar, yani bir oturumun anahtar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irilse bile ge\u00e7mi\u015f oturumlar\u0131n \u015fifresini \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Basitle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Protokol:<\/strong> TLS 1.3’teki se\u00e7eneklerin ve \u00f6zelliklerin say\u0131s\u0131 azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bu da uygulamay\u0131 basitle\u015ftirir ve hatalar\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      TLS 1.3’\u00fcn benimsenmesi, web taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, web sunucular\u0131 ve di\u011fer a\u011f yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n deste\u011fini kademeli olarak g\u00fcncellemesiyle piyasaya sunuldu\u011fundan beri artmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      TLS 1.2 ile TLS 1.3 Aras\u0131ndaki Temel Farklar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      TLS 1.3’\u00fcn temel avantajlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131, geli\u015fmi\u015f performans ve verimlilik, daha sa\u011flam g\u00fcvenlik ve daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fifre paketleri i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. Daha iyi performans<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      TLS 1.2 ve TLS 1.3, ikincisinin \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrecine sahip olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir. Handshake yani el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma, bir istemci ile sunucu aras\u0131nda g\u00fcvenli bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan bir dizi do\u011frulama ve kimlik do\u011frulama ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. TLS 1.3, istemci ve sunucu aras\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca bir gidi\u015f-d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f gerektirir, bu da daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve daha duyarl\u0131 HTTPS ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2. Kusursuz \u0130letme Gizlili\u011fi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      TLS 1.3’\u00fcn selefinden daha g\u00fcvenli olmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden biri m\u00fckemmel iletme gizlili\u011fidir. TLS protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nceki s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri iletme gizlili\u011fi i\u00e7eriyordu, ancak bu zorunlu de\u011fildi. En son s\u00fcr\u00fcmle birlikte, iletme gizlili\u011fi art\u0131k varsay\u0131lan olarak gereklidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u00fckemmel iletme gizlili\u011fi, anahtar de\u011fi\u015fimi i\u00e7in her yeni oturum i\u00e7in benzersiz bir oturum anahtar\u0131 olu\u015fturan Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral algoritmas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r. M\u00fckemmel gizlilik, her oturum i\u00e7in \u015fifreleme anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek, bir oturum anahtar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ihlal edildi\u011finde sald\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fczeyini s\u0131n\u0131rlar ve kaba kuvvet ve ortadaki adam sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 daha iyi diren\u00e7 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3. Daha G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015eifre Paketleri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      \u0130nternet \u00fczerinden g\u00fcvenli ileti\u015fim i\u00e7in SSL\/TLS protokolleri, kimlik do\u011frulama, \u015fifreleme ve mesaj kimlik do\u011frulama kodu algoritmalar\u0131n\u0131n bir kombinasyonu olan bir veya daha fazla \u015fifre paketi kullan\u0131r. TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcm 1.2, bilinen kriptografik zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131 olan \u015fifreler i\u00e7in destek i\u00e7eriyordu. Alternatif olarak TLS 1.3, yaln\u0131zca \u015fu anda bilinen g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 olmayan algoritmalar\u0131 ve \u015fifreleri destekleyen basit bir \u015fifre paketi kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      HTTP ve HTTPS Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n
      \n
      \"\"
      Kaynak: snobmonkey<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), web \u00fczerinde veri aktarmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan protokold\u00fcr. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure), verileri \u015fifrelemek i\u00e7in SSL veya TLS kullanan g\u00fcvenli bir HTTP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. HTTP ve HTTPS, verileri aktarmak i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ntemleri kullan\u0131r, ancak \u015fifreleme kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in HTTPS daha g\u00fcvenlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      HTTP g\u00fcvenli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, ortadaki adam sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ve gizli dinleme gibi sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 daha savunmas\u0131zd\u0131r. SSL ve TLS, daha g\u00fcvenli bir ba\u011flant\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in HTTP ile birlikte kullan\u0131labilir. HTTPS, verileri \u015fifrelemek i\u00e7in SSL veya TLS kullanan g\u00fcvenli bir HTTP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Veriler \u015fifrelendi\u011finde, m\u00fcdahale edebilecek herhangi biri taraf\u0131ndan okunmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korunur. Bu, bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131n\u0131n hassas bilgilere eri\u015fmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      TLS Protokol\u00fcn\u00fc Kullanmal\u0131 m\u0131y\u0131m?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      TLS protokol\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmazsan\u0131z, 3. ki\u015filer aktar\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda hassas bilgileri okuyabilir. Yani t\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131 adlar\u0131n\u0131z, \u015fifreleriniz, kredi kart\u0131 bilgileriniz ve daha fazlas\u0131 cihaz\u0131n\u0131zdan sunucuya gidip geri d\u00f6nerken risk alt\u0131nda olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Web sitenizin ziyaret\u00e7ilerini korumakla ilgileniyorsan\u0131z, TLS protokollerini kullanmak hem makul hem de basittir. Ancak TLS birka\u00e7 kusurla birlikte gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      TLS, uzun s\u00fcredir bir bilgisayar korsan\u0131n\u0131n bir sunucu ile bir cihaz aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu “ortadaki adam” sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir. Temel olarak, bu, bir bilgisayar korsan\u0131n\u0131n el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve iki taraf\u0131 TLS’nin daha az g\u00fcvenli bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinde anla\u015fmaya zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bilgisayar korsan\u0131 eski s\u00fcr\u00fcmdeki g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131ndan yararlanabilir ve konu\u015fmay\u0131 devralabilir. Daha yeni TLS protokolleri bu t\u00fcr bir manevraya izin vermez. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      TLS ile SSL Aras\u0131ndaki Farklar ve Benzerlikler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Ayn\u0131 hedefi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulmu\u015f olsalar da, SSL ve TLS aras\u0131nda baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli farklar vard\u0131r. Bunlar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. \u015eifre Paketleri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Ana farkl\u0131l\u0131klardan biri, her protokol\u00fcn kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fifre paketleridir. \u015eifre paketleri, verileri \u015fifrelemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir dizi algoritmad\u0131r. SSL, TLS’den farkl\u0131 bir \u015fifre paketleri seti kullan\u0131r. TLS, \u00f6zellikle TLS s\u00fcr\u00fcm 1.3, kullan\u0131lan \u015fifreleme algoritmalar\u0131nda m\u00fckemmel iletme gizlili\u011fi gibi baz\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeler de sunar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2. Uyar\u0131 Mesajlar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Di\u011fer bir fark, uyar\u0131 mesajlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flenme \u015feklidir. Uyar\u0131 mesajlar\u0131, hata durumlar\u0131n\u0131 ve uyar\u0131 mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 iletmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. SSL’de uyar\u0131 mesajlar\u0131 \u015fifrelenmez, yani onlar\u0131 engelleyen herkes taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir. TLS’de uyar\u0131 mesajlar\u0131 \u015fifrelenir, b\u00f6ylece sadece ileti\u015fime dahil olan taraflarca okunabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3. Kay\u0131t Protokol\u00fc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Kay\u0131t protokol\u00fc, de\u011fi\u015f toku\u015f edilecek verilerin kaps\u00fcllenmesinden sorumludur. SSL ve TLS farkl\u0131 kay\u0131t protokolleri kullan\u0131r. SSL, Netscape taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen tescilli bir protokol olan SSL kay\u0131t protokol\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131r. TLS, IETF taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir protokol olan TLS kay\u0131t protokol\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      4. Handshake S\u00fcreci<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Handshake i\u015flemi, iki taraf aras\u0131nda g\u00fcvenli bir ileti\u015fim kanal\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Anla\u015fma s\u00fcreci SSL ve TLS i\u00e7in farkl\u0131d\u0131r. SSL’de handshake i\u015flemi “tam handshake” ve “k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f handshake” olmak \u00fczere iki ad\u0131mda tamamlan\u0131r. TLS’de handshake i\u015flemi, “tam handshake” olarak bilinen tek ad\u0131mda tamamlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      5. Mesaj Kimlik Do\u011frulamas\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      \u0130leti kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131, al\u0131nan verilerin g\u00f6nderilen verilerle ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funu do\u011frulama i\u015flemidir. SSL ve TLS, farkl\u0131 mesaj do\u011frulama algoritmalar\u0131 kullan\u0131r. SSL, MD5 algoritmas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken TLS, SHA-256 algoritmas\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Algoritmalar aras\u0131ndaki fark, MD5’in \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z olmas\u0131, SHA-256’n\u0131n ise savunmas\u0131z olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Neden Bir SSL\/TLS Sertifikas\u0131na \u0130htiyac\u0131n\u0131z Var?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      SSL veya TLS sertifikas\u0131, hem istemci hem de sunucu taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclen bilgilerin g\u00fcvende kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flaman\u0131n bir yoludur. Bu, i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc m\u00fc\u015fteriler bu sayede \u015firkete bilgilerini gizli tutma konusunda g\u00fcvenebilir. Bu g\u00fcven, m\u00fc\u015fteri memnuniyetini ve ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u015firkete ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ayr\u0131ca web sitesi sahipleri i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00fcksek maliyetli yasal \u00fccretlerden ve zararlardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. SSL ve TLS sertifikalar\u0131, bir web sitesi ile kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131nda g\u00fcvenli bir ba\u011flant\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu ba\u011flant\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu, ikisi aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015f toku\u015f edilen verilerin \u015fifrelendi\u011fi ve onu ele ge\u00e7irebilecek herhangi biri taraf\u0131ndan okunmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korundu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. G\u00fcvenlik olmadan, bir web sitesi siber sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z kal\u0131r. Bu siber sald\u0131r\u0131lar, veri ihlallerine veya veri h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yol a\u00e7arak \u015firkete kar\u015f\u0131 yasal i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Bu sertifikalar bireyler i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olduklar\u0131nda ki\u015fisel bilgilerinin korunaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. \u0130nterneti kullanan ki\u015filer genellikle adlar\u0131, adresleri ve kredi kart\u0131 numaralar\u0131 gibi hassas bilgileri payla\u015f\u0131rlar. Bu bilgiler, sahip olmamas\u0131 gereken biri taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilirse, kimlik h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. \u0130nsanlar, g\u00fcvenli bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kullanarak kendilerini bu t\u00fcr siber sald\u0131r\u0131lardan korumaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Dijital i\u015flemlerin ve ileti\u015fimin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir d\u00fcnyada, g\u00fcvenlik en \u00f6nemli endi\u015fedir. Bu g\u00fcvenlik paradigmas\u0131n\u0131n hayati y\u00f6nlerinden biri, internet \u00fczerinden g\u00fcvenli bir…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":7853,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guvenlik"],"yoast_head":"\nTLS Nedir, Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? - Niobe Hosting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/tls-nedir-nasil-calisir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TLS Nedir, Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? - Niobe Hosting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dijital i\u015flemlerin ve ileti\u015fimin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir d\u00fcnyada, g\u00fcvenlik en \u00f6nemli endi\u015fedir. 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