{"id":7818,"date":"2023-06-12T15:56:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-12T12:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/?p=7818"},"modified":"2023-07-05T14:18:40","modified_gmt":"2023-07-05T11:18:40","slug":"tcp-ip-nedir-nasil-calisir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/tcp-ip-nedir-nasil-calisir\/","title":{"rendered":"TCP\/IP Nedir? Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

TCP\/IP modeli k\u0131saca, verilerin internet \u00fczerinden nas\u0131l iletildi\u011fini g\u00f6steren bir standard\u0131d\u0131r. Her g\u00fcn milyarlarca cihaz taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcvenilir, u\u00e7tan uca bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yaz\u0131m\u0131zda, TCP\/IP’nin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve internet \u00fczerinden veri iletmek i\u00e7in nas\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ile inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haydi ba\u015flayal\u0131m!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TCP Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

TCP, sunucu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uygulamaya veya istemciye mesajlar iletir. Mesajlar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck paketlere b\u00f6lerek bir istemcinin veya uygulaman\u0131n ba\u015fka bir istemciye veya uygulamaya mesaj g\u00f6ndermesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Ayr\u0131ca, iki istemci aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n mesaj al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi i\u00e7in yeterince kararl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 da sa\u011flar. TCP, internet standartlar\u0131nda yer alan ve Internet Engineering Task Force veya IETF arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kurulan temel bir internet bile\u015fenidir. TCP, dijital a\u011f ileti\u015fimindeki en g\u00fcvenli protokollerden biridir ve mesaj\u0131n ba\u015fka bir konuma zahmetsizce teslim edilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TCP, mesajlar\u0131 paketler aras\u0131nda b\u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, verilerin do\u011frulu\u011funun bozulmamas\u0131n\u0131 ve verilerin g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde do\u011fru al\u0131c\u0131ya iletilmesini sa\u011flar. TCP veri g\u00f6ndermeye ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, kaynak ve hedef konumu birbirine ba\u011flayan ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fckemmel olmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r. Ancak ileti\u015fimi sorunsuz hale getirmek i\u00e7in, veriyi farkl\u0131 paketlere ay\u0131r\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece aktar\u0131m ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmaz. Telnet, Secure Shell (SSH), File Transfer Protocol (FTP) vb. gibi y\u00fcksek s\u0131n\u0131f internet protokolleri, verileri bir yerden di\u011ferine aktarmak i\u00e7in TCP kullan\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok e-posta hizmeti, Post Office Protocol (POP), Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) ve Simple Mail Transfer Protocol\u2019den (SMTP) gelen iletileri teslim etmek ve almak i\u00e7in TCP’yi kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veri aktar\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda daha k\u0131sa iletim s\u00fcresi alan ve iki istemci aras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gecikmeli ba\u011flant\u0131lar olu\u015fturan TCP’ye alternatif olarak User Datagram Protocol\u2019\u00fc (UDP) kullanabilirsiniz. TCP, veri iletimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bozuk veya uygun olmayan veri paketlerini i\u00e7ermez. Ayr\u0131ca veri iletimini i\u015flemek i\u00e7in ba\u011flant\u0131 ba\u015flatma, ak\u0131\u015f kontrol\u00fc, onaylar vb. gibi kontrol sistemlerini kullan\u0131r. Ancak TCP’nin alternatifi olan UDP, bozuk veri paketlerini ortadan kald\u0131rmaz veya verileri i\u015flemeden \u00f6nce g\u00fcvenli bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmaz. Bu nedenle TCP, UDP’den daha pahal\u0131d\u0131r ve UDP, TCP’den daha az g\u00fcvenilirdir. Ancak UDP’yi Domain Name System (DNS) aramas\u0131, ak\u0131\u015f dosyalar\u0131, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) vb. belirli durumlarda kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IP Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

IP, verileri tek bir makineden internet \u00fczerinden ba\u015fka bir makineye g\u00f6nderir. IP adresleri benzersizdir ve veri al\u0131p g\u00f6ndermesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bir sistem tan\u0131mlar. IP, interneti kullanarak ve verileri sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde aktararak bir IP adresini ba\u015fka bir IP adresine ba\u011flar. IP, veri paketlerinin birbiriyle e\u015fle\u015fmesine nas\u0131l izin verece\u011fini belirler. IP her zaman veri paketlerinin format\u0131n\u0131 ve paketlerin cihazlar veya sunucular aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l ileti\u015fim kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlar. IP, iki cihaz veya a\u011f aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimi tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in \u0130nternet Protokol Paketinden (TCP\/IP) yard\u0131m al\u0131r. Internet Protocol Suite’te (TCP\/IP) IP, paketleri uygulamadan istenen cihaza veya uygulamaya ileten birincil katman g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. IP, verileri iletmek i\u00e7in konumlar\u0131, veri paketlerini ve adres bilgilerini kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TCP ve IP Aras\u0131ndaki Fark Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hem TCP hem de IP internet protokolleridir, ancak birbirlerinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bireysel gereksinimleri kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in birbirleriyle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. TCP, verileri belirli bir hedefe iletilmek \u00fczere haz\u0131rlar ve IP, tercih edilen cihaz\u0131n IP adresini alarak bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. IP, hedef cihaz\u0131n IP adresini belirledi\u011finde, TCP verileri a\u011f altyap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden ta\u015f\u0131r ve verilerin tan\u0131mlanan IP konumuna iletilmesini sa\u011flar. Bu protokollerin her ikisi de verileri iletmek i\u00e7in birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131ndan, TCP\/IP olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TCP\/IP Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

TCP\/IP, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i g\u00fcvenli ve verimli veri aktar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in gereksinimleri tan\u0131mlayan bir a\u011f protokol\u00fc paketidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TCP\/IP modeli, iki cihaz aras\u0131nda veri aktar\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumludur. Radyodan farkl\u0131 olarak, internet verileri sadece dinleyen ki\u015fiye yay\u0131nlanmaz. Y\u00fczlerce bilgisayar aktif olarak aralar\u0131nda veri payla\u015f\u0131yor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse bile, her veri al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finde yaln\u0131zca iki cihaz vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TCP\/IP, 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir protokol standard\u0131 olarak kurulmu\u015ftur. Yedi katmanl\u0131 OSI modelinin yerini alarak d\u00f6rt veya be\u015f katman i\u00e7erir. Bu katmanlar, kaynak a\u011fdan ayr\u0131lmadan hedef a\u011fa ula\u015fmaya kadar veri aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda uygulamalar\u0131n ve cihazlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TCP\/IP Terminolojisini Anlamak<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stemci:<\/strong> A\u011fdaki ba\u015fka bir bilgisayar\u0131n veya i\u015flemin verilerine, hizmetlerine veya kaynaklar\u0131na eri\u015fen bir bilgisayar veya i\u015flemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ana bilgisayar:<\/strong> Bir internet a\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olan ve di\u011fer internet ana bilgisayarlar\u0131yla ileti\u015fim kurabilen bir bilgisayar. Belirli bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in yerel ana bilgisayar, o kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisayard\u0131r. Yabanc\u0131 bir ana bilgisayar, a\u011fdaki herhangi bir ba\u015fka ana bilgisayar ad\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130leti\u015fim a\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ana bilgisayarlar, paketlerin hem kayna\u011f\u0131 hem de hedefidir. Herhangi bir ana bilgisayar istemci, sunucu veya her ikisi olabilir. Bir internet a\u011f\u0131nda, bir ana bilgisayar, internet ad\u0131 ve adresi ile tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u011f:<\/strong> \u0130ki veya daha fazla ana bilgisayar\u0131n ve aralar\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fimidir. Fiziksel a\u011f, a\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturan donan\u0131md\u0131r. Mant\u0131ksal bir a\u011f, bir veya daha fazla fiziksel a\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f soyut bir organizasyondur. \u0130nternet a\u011f\u0131, mant\u0131ksal bir a\u011f\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Aray\u00fcz program\u0131, mant\u0131ksal a\u011f i\u015flemlerinin fiziksel a\u011f i\u015flemlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini y\u00f6netir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paket:<\/strong> Bir ana bilgisayar ile a\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bir i\u015flem i\u00e7in kontrol bilgileri ve verileri blo\u011fudur. Paketler, i\u015flemler taraf\u0131ndan internet a\u011flar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla veri g\u00f6ndermek ve almak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fim ortam\u0131d\u0131r. Bir kaynaktan bir hedefe bir paket g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Port:<\/strong> Bir i\u015flem i\u00e7in mant\u0131ksal bir ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Veriler, i\u015flemler aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 noktalar\u0131 (veya yuvalar) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla iletilir. Her ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131, veri g\u00f6ndermek ve almak i\u00e7in kuyruklar sa\u011flar. Bir arabirim program\u0131 a\u011f\u0131nda, her ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bir internet ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131 numaras\u0131 vard\u0131r. Belirli bir ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131, bir internet ana bilgisayar adresi ve bir ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131 numaras\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fimi olan bir internet soket adresi ile tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Process:<\/strong> \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan bir programd\u0131r. \u0130\u015flem, bir bilgisayardaki aktif \u00f6\u011fedir. U\u00e7birimler, dosyalar ve di\u011fer G\/\u00c7 ayg\u0131tlar\u0131, s\u00fcre\u00e7ler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla birbirleriyle ileti\u015fim kurar. Bu nedenle, a\u011f ileti\u015fimi, s\u00fcre\u00e7ler aras\u0131 ileti\u015fimdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Protokol:<\/strong> \u0130leti\u015fimleri fiziksel veya mant\u0131ksal d\u00fczeyde ele almak i\u00e7in bir dizi kurald\u0131r. Protokoller genellikle hizmet sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in di\u011fer protokolleri kullan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ba\u011flant\u0131 d\u00fczeyindeki bir protokol, iki ana bilgisayar aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 koruyan paketleri ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in aktar\u0131m d\u00fczeyindeki bir protokol\u00fc kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sunucu:<\/strong> A\u011fdaki di\u011fer bilgisayarlar veya i\u015flemler taraf\u0131ndan eri\u015filebilen veriler, hizmetler veya kaynaklar sa\u011flayan bir bilgisayar veya i\u015flemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TCP\/IP’nin \u00d6zellikleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

TCP\/IP\u2019nin \u00f6nemli \u00f6zellikleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirlik sa\u011flar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Neredeyse t\u00fcm i\u015fletim sistemleri (OS’ler) TCP\/IP deste\u011fine sahiptir. Bu nedenle, bir Windows bilgisayar kullan\u0131yor olman\u0131z ve dosyalara Linux \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir sunucudan eri\u015fmeniz veya bunun tersi farketmez, her iki farkl\u0131 i\u015fletim sistemi aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Tek bir sat\u0131c\u0131 kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda de\u011fildir<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Modele tek bir kurulu\u015f sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ister donan\u0131m ister yaz\u0131l\u0131m olsun, herkes modeli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde uygulayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Y\u00f6nlendirilebilirdir<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

TCP\/IP y\u00f6nlendirilebilir oldu\u011fundan, veri paketlerinin bir a\u011fdan di\u011ferine ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na izin verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Hata ve ak\u0131\u015f kontrol \u00f6zelliklerine sahiptir<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Model, herhangi bir iletim hatas\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebilir ve bir hata alg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131nda verileri yeniden g\u00f6nderebilir. Bu \u00f6zellik, iletilen verilerin g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini ve do\u011frulu\u011funu sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Farkl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 destekler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bir bilgisayar \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u011f uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor olabilir, bu nedenle TCP\/IP do\u011fru paketlerin do\u011fru uygulamaya ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

TCP\/IP Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

TCP\/IP, verilerin bir a\u011f \u00fczerinden nas\u0131l iletildi\u011fini tan\u0131mlayan d\u00f6rt katmanl\u0131 bir modeldir. D\u00f6rt katman a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Uygulama Katman\u0131 (The Application Layer)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ta\u015f\u0131ma Katman\u0131 (The Transport Layer)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0130nternet Katman\u0131 (The Internet Layer)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ba\u011flant\u0131 Katman\u0131 (The Link Layer)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Uygulama katman\u0131 en \u00fcst katmand\u0131r ve verilerin do\u011fru uygulamaya iletilmesini sa\u011flamaktan sorumludur. Ta\u015f\u0131ma katman\u0131, verilerin g\u00fcvenilir ve d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde teslim edilmesini sa\u011flamaktan sorumludur. \u0130nternet katman\u0131, verilerin a\u011f boyunca y\u00f6nlendirilmesinden sorumludur. Ba\u011flant\u0131 katman\u0131 ise, verilerin a\u011f \u00fczerinden fiziksel olarak iletilmesinden sorumludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Veriler en \u00fcst katmandan en alt katmana iletilir. Her katman, veriler hakk\u0131nda bilgi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in verilere ba\u015fl\u0131klar ekler. Veriler daha sonra i\u015flendi\u011fi bir sonraki katmana aktar\u0131l\u0131r ve ard\u0131ndan bir sonraki katmana iletilir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, verinin fiziksel olarak a\u011f \u00fczerinden iletildi\u011fi ba\u011flant\u0131 katman\u0131na ula\u015fana kadar devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    TCP\/IP Modelleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    TCP\/IP, veri aktar\u0131m kategorilerinin d\u00f6rt katman\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131ran bir modeli tan\u0131mlar. Bu d\u00f6rt katman, uygulama katman\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131ma katman\u0131, internet katman\u0131 ve ba\u011flant\u0131 katman\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Temel olarak, taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zda bu sayfay\u0131 talep etti\u011finiz andan web sunucusu taraf\u0131ndan yan\u0131t\u0131n teslimine ve bu sayfan\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na kadar bir paketin t\u00fcm yolculu\u011funu kapsar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Uygulama Katman\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Uygulama katman\u0131, TCP\/IP modelindeki en y\u00fcksek katmand\u0131r. Verilerin do\u011fru uygulamaya iletilmesinden sorumludur. Uygulama katman\u0131, uygulamalar\u0131n birbirleriyle nas\u0131l ileti\u015fim kurabilece\u011fini tan\u0131mlayan protokolleri i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    En yayg\u0131n uygulama katman\u0131 protokolleri, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) ve Simple Mail Transfer Protocol’d\u00fcr (SMTP). HTTP, World Wide Web’de veri iletmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. SMTP, e-posta iletmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. Ta\u015f\u0131ma Katman\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Ta\u015f\u0131ma katman\u0131, verilerin g\u00fcvenilir ve d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde teslim edilmesini sa\u011flamaktan sorumludur. Bunu Transmission Control Protocol’\u00fc (TCP) kullanarak yapar. TCP, ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmak i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma kullanan g\u00fcvenilir, ba\u011flant\u0131 y\u00f6nelimli bir protokold\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kuruldu\u011funda, veriler k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck paketler halinde iletilir. Her paketin, paketlerin s\u0131rayla iletilmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bir paket kaybolursa, al\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6nderene bir onay (ACK) mesaj\u0131 g\u00f6nderir. G\u00f6nderici daha sonra kay\u0131p paketi yeniden iletecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3. \u0130nternet Katman\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130nternet katman\u0131, verilerin a\u011f boyunca y\u00f6nlendirilmesinden sorumludur. Bunu \u0130nternet Protokol\u00fc’n\u00fc (IP) kullanarak yapar. IP, verileri hedef IP adresine g\u00f6re y\u00f6nlendiren ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z bir protokold\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    IP adresleri, a\u011fdaki bir cihaz\u0131 benzersiz \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlayan 32 bitlik say\u0131lard\u0131r. Temel olarak d\u00f6rt noktal\u0131 ondal\u0131k g\u00f6sterimde ifade edilir (\u00f6rn. 192.168.0.1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Veriler, kaynak IP adresinden hedef IP adresine y\u00f6nlendirilir. Yol boyunca, veriler birden fazla y\u00f6nlendiriciden ge\u00e7ebilir. Her y\u00f6nlendirici, bir sonraki sekmeyi belirlemek i\u00e7in IP adresini kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4. Ba\u011flant\u0131 Katman\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Ba\u011flant\u0131 katman\u0131, verilerin a\u011f \u00fczerinden fiziksel olarak iletilmesinden sorumludur. Bunu, \u00e7e\u015fitli ortam eri\u015fim denetimi (MAC) protokollerini kullanarak yapar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ethernet, en yayg\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131 katman\u0131 protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. A\u011fa eri\u015fimi kontrol etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma alg\u0131lamal\u0131 (CSMA\/CD) ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 alg\u0131lamal\u0131 \u00e7oklu eri\u015fim ad\u0131 verilen bir teknik kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bir cihaz veri iletmek istedi\u011finde, ba\u015fka herhangi bir cihaz\u0131n hali haz\u0131rda iletim yap\u0131p yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nce a\u011f\u0131 dinler. A\u011f temizse, cihaz iletime ba\u015flar. \u0130ki cihaz ayn\u0131 anda iletim yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa, bir \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma meydana gelir ve her iki cihaz da iletimi durdurur. Cihazlar daha sonra rastgele bir s\u00fcre bekler ve tekrar iletmeyi dener.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    TCP\/IP’nin Avantajlar\u0131 ve Dezavantajlar\u0131 Nelerdir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    TCP\/IP’nin avantajlar\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Avantajlar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Mesafe ne olursa olsun cihazlar aras\u0131nda istikrarl\u0131 bir ba\u011flant\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Farkl\u0131 i\u015fletim sistemlerinde kusursuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirme protokollerini destekler (IGP ve EGP protokolleri, s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z protokoller vb.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u00d6l\u00e7eklendirebilece\u011finiz bir istemci-sunucu mimarisine sahiptir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • A\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Hafiftir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Dezavantajlar\u0131 <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Kurulumu ve izlenmesi kolay de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Ta\u015f\u0131ma katman\u0131 bazen zahmetlidir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • TCP\/IP’deki protokolleri kolayca de\u011fi\u015ftiremezsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        TCP\/IP’yi Kimler Kullan\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Yerel a\u011flar, belirli bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 grubunun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir \u00fcniversite temel olarak, profes\u00f6rler ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaparken \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00f6devlerini tamamlayabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrlerde y\u00fczlerce ana bilgisayar i\u00e7eren bir sisteme ihtiya\u00e7 duyabilir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda ofisleri olan bir bilgisayar \u015firketinin yeni bir bilgisayar tasarlamak i\u00e7in bir dizi y\u00fcksek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc i\u015f istasyonuna ihtiyac\u0131 olabilir. Her iki durumda da sistem y\u00f6neticileri ve programc\u0131lar, kendi \u00f6zel ileti\u015fim sorunlar\u0131na ve hesaplama gereksinimlerine g\u00f6re donan\u0131m ve ileti\u015fim protokollerini se\u00e7erler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ancak bilgisayar a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi i\u00e7in nihai a\u011f sistemi diye bir \u015fey yoktur. Genel olarak, a\u011flar iki kategoriye ayr\u0131l\u0131r: yerel alan a\u011flar\u0131 ve geni\u015f alan a\u011flar\u0131. Yerel alan a\u011flar\u0131 (LAN’lar) genellikle geni\u015f alan a\u011flar\u0131ndan daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r, ancak kapsama alan\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Geni\u015f alan a\u011flar\u0131 (WAN’lar) temel olarak LAN’lardan daha yava\u015ft\u0131r, ancak d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki ana bilgisayarlara ba\u011flanabilir. Yerel bir ana bilgisayardaki bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, donan\u0131m farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na veya a\u011f yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n uzak a\u011flarla ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131na izin vermek i\u00e7in internet protokol\u00fc olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00d6zetle, TCP\/IP ile dosyalar\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir konumdaki uzak bir sunucuya aktarmalar\u0131na izin vermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131c\u0131lara uzaktan oturum a\u00e7ma olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayabilirsiniz. IP, internet \u00fczerinden veri serileri aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimi ba\u015flatan hafif bir protokold\u00fcr. Ancak IP, TCP ile birle\u015ftirildi\u011finde, veri aktar\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 yapabilir. Farkl\u0131 bilgisayarlar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flar ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda veri g\u00f6nderir. Ek olarak, TCP, a\u011f\u0131n t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131ktan ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan emin olmak i\u00e7in verilerin boyutunu ve ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        TCP\/IP modeli k\u0131saca, verilerin internet \u00fczerinden nas\u0131l iletildi\u011fini g\u00f6steren bir standard\u0131d\u0131r. Her g\u00fcn milyarlarca cihaz taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcvenilir, u\u00e7tan uca bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr.  Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yaz\u0131m\u0131zda,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":7849,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guvenlik"],"yoast_head":"\nTCP\/IP Nedir? 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