Bir APT sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 temel olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki be\u015f a\u015famay\u0131 takip eder:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. \u0130lk eri\u015fim<\/h3>\n\n\n\n APT sald\u0131rgan\u0131 hedef a\u011fa eri\u015fim kazan\u0131r. Bu, bir kimlik av\u0131 e-postas\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir ek veya bir uygulama g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bilgisayar korsan\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131, bu eri\u015fimi kullanarak a\u011fa k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m yerle\u015ftirmektir. Bu ilk a\u015famada, a\u011f tehlikeye girer, ancak hen\u00fcz ihlal edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. K\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n Yerle\u015ftirilen k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m, a\u011f g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131ndan nas\u0131l yararlan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ve ek k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n nas\u0131l al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin talimatlar i\u00e7in harici komut ve kontrol (CnC) sunucular\u0131yla ileti\u015fim kurar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Eri\u015fim geni\u015fletme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n K\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m, mevcut olanlar\u0131n eri\u015filemez hale gelmesi durumunda yeni giri\u015f noktalar\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilecek ek g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 alg\u0131lar. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri bir giri\u015f noktas\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131raksa bile sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n devam etmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. Varl\u0131k ke\u015ffi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n Bu a\u015famada bilgisayar korsan\u0131, g\u00fcvenilir ve uzun vadeli a\u011f eri\u015fimi olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. \u015eimdi, k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131ma \u00e7al\u0131nacak hassas varl\u0131klar\u0131 aramas\u0131 talimat\u0131 verilir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 kimlik bilgilerini ve hassas veri dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. Veri toplama ve aktarma<\/h3>\n\n\n\n K\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m, hassas verileri bir haz\u0131rlama sunucusunda depolar. Veriler daha sonra harici bir sunucuya s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu noktada hedef a\u011f ihlal edilir. Bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131 izlerini gizler ve a\u011f\u0131 tehlikeye atar, b\u00f6ylece i\u015flemi daha sonra tekrarlanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir APT Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u0130\u015faretleri Nelerdir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n Bir APT sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131<\/strong>, hedef a\u011fa girmek ve a\u011fda hassas bilgiler aramak i\u00e7in gerekti\u011fi kadar zaman harcamakt\u0131r. Sald\u0131r\u0131 hedeflerine ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131 fark edilmeden ortadan kaybolur.<\/p>\n\n\n\nBir APT sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, etkinli\u011fi gizlemek i\u00e7in karma\u015f\u0131k y\u00f6ntemler kullansa da, bir APT sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131man\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek birka\u00e7 g\u00f6sterge vard\u0131r. Bunlar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Beklenmedik oturum a\u00e7ma<\/h3>\n\n\n\n Sunucular\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda beklenmeyen bir oturum a\u00e7ma hacmi, devam eden bir APT sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na i\u015faret edebilir. Bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131n\u0131za s\u0131zmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 yollardan biri, \u00e7al\u0131nan kimlik bilgilerini kullanmakt\u0131r. Bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131, faaliyetlerinin fark edilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 bir saat diliminde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir veya gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Tespit edilen arka kap\u0131 truva at\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n Siber g\u00fcvenlik ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z normalden daha fazla arka kap\u0131 truva at\u0131 tespit ederse, bunun nedeni bir APT sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 olabilir. APT sald\u0131rganlar\u0131, oturum a\u00e7ma kimlik bilgileri de\u011fi\u015ftirilse bile g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ihlal edilmi\u015f cihaza eri\u015fmeye devam edebilmelerini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in arka kap\u0131 truva at\u0131 programlar\u0131 y\u00fckler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Hedefe y\u00f6nelik kimlik av\u0131 e-postalar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n Yaln\u0131zca bir davetsiz misafir taraf\u0131ndan elde edilebilecek belgeleri i\u00e7eren hedef odakl\u0131 kimlik av\u0131 e-posta\u2019lar\u0131na bak\u0131n. Bunun APT sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olabilece\u011finin bir ba\u015fka g\u00f6stergesi de, bu e-postalar\u0131n, diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayarlar\u0131na veya k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f verilerine eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in \u00fcst d\u00fczey y\u00f6neticilere g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. A\u00e7\u0131klanamayan veri ge\u00e7i\u015fi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n APT sald\u0131r\u0131 taktiklerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131, \u00e7almak istedikleri verileri a\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdaki ba\u015fka bir konuma kopyalamak ve yaln\u0131zca fark edilmeden yapabileceklerinden emin olduklar\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na aktarmakt\u0131r. Sunucudan sunucuya, sunucudan istemciye veya a\u011fdan a\u011fa bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
APT Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ile Di\u011fer Siber Tehditler Aras\u0131ndaki Fark<\/h2>\n\n\n\n APT tehditlerini di\u011fer siber tehditlerden ay\u0131ran 5 \u00f6zellik vard\u0131r. Bunlar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nAPT k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, Ransomware gibi di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m t\u00fcrlerinden daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n APT sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fil, ulus-devlet siber su\u00e7 gruplar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n APT sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 manuel olarak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr ve otomatik de\u011fildir (Hizmet Olarak Ransomware sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 gibi).<\/li>\n\n\n\n APT sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n birincil amac\u0131 finansal kazan\u00e7 de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n APT sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle yerelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f segmentleri de\u011fil t\u00fcm a\u011flar\u0131 tehlikeye atar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nAPT Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 Nas\u0131l Engellenir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n APT k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m enjeksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan siber sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilecek 5 g\u00fcvenlik denetimi vard\u0131r. Bunlar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. T\u00fcm Gelen ve Giden Trafi\u011fi \u0130zleyin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n Bir a\u011f\u0131n \u00e7evresi boyunca a\u011f g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131 uygulamak, k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli veri h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve arka kap\u0131 y\u00fckleme giri\u015fimlerini tespit etmenin en iyi y\u00f6ntemlerinden biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Web Uygulamas\u0131 G\u00fcvenlik Duvarlar\u0131 (WAF), web uygulamas\u0131 sunucular\u0131na y\u00f6nelik uygulama katman\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilir. Bu g\u00fcvenlik denetimi, bir APT sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131zma a\u015famas\u0131nda uygulanan yayg\u0131n taktikler olan SQL sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve kaba kuvvet sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Domain Whitelisting<\/h3>\n\n\n\n Domain whitelisting, i\u015fletmelerin hangi alan adlar\u0131n\u0131n ve uygulamalar\u0131n \u00f6zel a\u011flara eri\u015fmesine izin verildi\u011fini belirlemesine olanak tan\u0131r. Etkinli\u011fi en \u00fcst d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in domain beyaz listeye alma, onaylanan t\u00fcm alan adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcvenlik duru\u015fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc ve izin verilen t\u00fcm uygulamalar i\u00e7in zorunlu yaz\u0131l\u0131m g\u00fcncelleme politikalar\u0131yla birle\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. \u00c7ok Fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc Kimlik Do\u011frulama <\/h3>\n\n\n\n \u00c7al\u0131nan kimlik bilgilerini kullanarak bir APT sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 a\u011f\u0131n\u0131za kolayca eri\u015febilir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir eri\u015fim kontrol sistemi, APT sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ba\u015far\u0131yla oturum a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Bu y\u00fczden \u00f6nemli a\u011f eri\u015fim noktalar\u0131, iki fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulama (2FA) ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. G\u00fcvenli Ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 Eri\u015fim Y\u00f6netimi (PAM)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n \u00c7ok fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulamaya ek olarak Ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 Eri\u015fim Y\u00f6netimi stratejilerinin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmak, ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 y\u00fckseltmeyi APT sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 son derece sinir bozucu bir giri\u015fim haline getirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. T\u00fcm G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Ke\u015ffedin ve D\u00fczeltin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n APT sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, uygulama g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131ndan yararlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden t\u00fcm uygulamalar\u0131n en son g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131yla g\u00fcncellendi\u011finden emin olarak, bu t\u00fcr g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na maruz kalma riskinizi azalt\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6. Kimlik Av\u0131 Fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n Kimlik av\u0131 doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, bir\u00e7ok APT sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in giri\u015f noktas\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu noktada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131z, kimlik av\u0131 giri\u015fimlerini ve bunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda ne yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 belirleme konusunda e\u011fitilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnyada APT \u00d6rnekleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n1. Stuxnet<\/h3>\n\n\n\n Bir APT sald\u0131r\u0131 grubu taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan Stuxnet, \u015fimdiye kadar kullan\u0131lan en karma\u015f\u0131k k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m \u00f6rneklerinden biri olarak kabul edilen APT sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bir solucan\u0131 ifade eder. Stuxnet, temel olarak \u0130ran’daki n\u00fckleer santrallere hizmet veren SCADA sistemlerini hedef alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. GhostNet<\/h3>\n\n\n\n \u00c7in merkezli bu APT siber sald\u0131r\u0131 grubu, 2009’dan itibaren 100’den fazla \u00fclkedeki sistemlere giri\u015f elde etmek i\u00e7in k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 ekler y\u00fckl\u00fc hedef odakl\u0131 kimlik av\u0131 kulland\u0131. GhostNet’in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok sald\u0131r\u0131 tekni\u011fi aras\u0131nda, hedefler hakk\u0131nda bilgi elde etmek i\u00e7in ses ve ekran yakalama vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Sykipot APT’si<\/h3>\n\n\n\n Sykipot sald\u0131r\u0131 grubu, k\u0131smen Sykipot APT k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m ailesini olu\u015fturmas\u0131yla bilinir. Bu \u00f6zel k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m ailesi, Adobe Acrobat ve Adobe Reader’daki kusurlardan yararland\u0131 ve hedeflenen ki\u015filer \u00fczerinde s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131nc\u0131 g\u00fcn istismarlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in hedef odakl\u0131 kimlik av\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. Mettel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n Bu sald\u0131r\u0131 grubu, aralar\u0131nda Carbanak ve GCMAN’\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu di\u011ferleri ile birlikte finans kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 hedef ald\u0131. Mettel, ATM’leri etkilemek i\u00e7in \u00f6zel k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m kulland\u0131 ve g\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda ATM’lerde para \u00e7ekildi\u011finde, k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m ATM i\u015flemlerinin geri al\u0131nmas\u0131na neden oldu. Bu, APT sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bilgilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra paray\u0131 da \u00e7alabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bir\u00e7ok \u015firket, m\u00fc\u015fteriler hakk\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca fazla veri toplamak i\u00e7in elinden geleni yapar. Hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131, ki\u015fisel bilgileri toplama izni kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini \u00fccretsiz olarak verir. Sonu\u00e7…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":7620,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guvenlik"],"yoast_head":"\n
APT Nedir? Yeni Ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber - Niobe Hosting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/apt-nedir-yeni-baslayanlar-icin-kapsamli-rehber\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"APT Nedir? Yeni Ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in Kapsaml\u0131 Rehber - Niobe Hosting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bir\u00e7ok \u015firket, m\u00fc\u015fteriler hakk\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca fazla veri toplamak i\u00e7in elinden geleni yapar. Hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131, ki\u015fisel bilgileri toplama izni kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini \u00fccretsiz olarak verir. 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