{"id":7408,"date":"2022-11-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-26T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/?p=7408"},"modified":"2022-12-06T00:10:26","modified_gmt":"2022-12-05T21:10:26","slug":"iki-faktorlu-kimlik-dogrulama-2fa-nedir-nasil-calisir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/iki-faktorlu-kimlik-dogrulama-2fa-nedir-nasil-calisir\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ki Fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc Kimlik Do\u011frulama (2FA) Nedir? Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0130ki fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulama (2FA)<\/strong>, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kimliklerini do\u011frulamak ve ek bir hesap g\u00fcvenli\u011fi katman\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir t\u00fcr \u00e7ok fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulamad\u0131r (MFA)<\/strong>. Bu do\u011frulama t\u00fcr\u00fc ile kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i hesaplar\u0131na eri\u015fmelerine izin verilmeden \u00f6nce iddia ettikleri ki\u015fi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in iki fakt\u00f6r sa\u011flamalar\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2FA, parola veya ge\u00e7i\u015f kodu gibi sadece bir fakt\u00f6re dayanan tek fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulamadan (SFA)<\/strong> daha y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde g\u00fcvenlik sunar. Hesap g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n hassas verilerine yetkisiz eri\u015fim elde etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli geli\u015fmi\u015f y\u00f6ntemler kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn tehdit ortam\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki Fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc Kimlik Do\u011frulama Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2FA, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 iki fakt\u00f6r veya kimlik do\u011frulama ile onaylayarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. SFA y\u00f6ntemlerine benzer \u015fekilde, kullan\u0131c\u0131 oturum a\u00e7ma alan\u0131na kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015fifresini girer. Sistem daha sonra kullan\u0131c\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kategorilerden birinden ikinci bir fakt\u00f6r girmesini isteyecektir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilgi fakt\u00f6r\u00fc: <\/strong>Tek seferlik bir parola (OTP), ki\u015fisel kimlik numaras\u0131 (PIN), bir g\u00fcvenlik sorusunun yan\u0131t\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sahip olma fakt\u00f6r\u00fc:<\/strong> Bir mobil cihaz veya ba\u015fka bir fiziksel cihaz, bir donan\u0131m veya g\u00fcvenlik belirteci<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kal\u0131t\u0131m fakt\u00f6r\u00fc:<\/strong> Parmak izi, y\u00fcz tan\u0131ma, retina taramas\u0131 vb. biyometrik onaylar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki kimlik do\u011frulama fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ek hesap g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flar. Bir siber su\u00e7lu, parola gibi bir fakt\u00f6r\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irse bile ikinci fakt\u00f6re eri\u015fme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki Fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc Kimlik Do\u011frulama Neden \u00d6nemlidir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fletmelerin her y\u0131l milyonlara mal olan veri ihlalleri nedeniyle, daha s\u0131k\u0131 veri g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 benimsenmesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu noktada s\u0131f\u0131r g\u00fcven mimarisini (ZTA), hassas verilere eri\u015fmeden \u00f6nce yeterli kimlik do\u011frulama ister veya do\u011frulama sa\u011flayana kadar hi\u00e7bir kullan\u0131c\u0131ya g\u00fcvenilmeyece\u011fini varsayar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2FA, bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 bilgilere yetkisiz eri\u015fim elde etmesini engellemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in s\u0131f\u0131r g\u00fcven mimarisinde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir g\u00fcvenlik mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki Fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc Kimlik Do\u011frulama Hassas Verileri Nas\u0131l Korur?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2FA y\u00f6ntemleri, veri ihlallerine yol a\u00e7an a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki siber tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 korunmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Ele Ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f Parolalar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Siber su\u00e7lular, bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131na an\u0131nda eri\u015fim elde etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131nan parolalar\u0131 kullanabilir. Bu parolalar genellikle, bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131n\u0131n daha sonra k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7larla yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazara veri s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 yoluyla internette kolayca bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu uygulama o kadar yayg\u0131nd\u0131r ki, Apple, iOS kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n proaktif olarak parolalar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ihlal edilmi\u015f parolalar\u0131 alg\u0131layan bir g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zelli\u011fi bile yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2FA, siber su\u00e7lular\u0131n daha parola de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeden bir hesab\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesini \u00f6nleyerek daha fazla g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Sosyal M\u00fchendislik Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Yayg\u0131n bir kimlik av\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 tekni\u011fi olan sosyal m\u00fchendislik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, me\u015fru bir hizmetin\/uygulaman\u0131n kimli\u011fine b\u00fcr\u00fcnerek kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 cezbetmeye ve oturum a\u00e7ma kimlik bilgilerini girmeye te\u015fvik eder. Siber su\u00e7lular daha sonra bu bilgileri, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek hesaplar\u0131nda oturum a\u00e7mak ve kredi kart\u0131 veya banka hesab\u0131 bilgileri gibi de\u011ferli ki\u015fisel verileri tehlikeye atmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131ndan sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131 ek bir do\u011frulama fakt\u00f6r\u00fc girmeleri istenece\u011finden 2FA bu i\u015flemi engelleyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Kaba Kuvvet Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 (Brute-Force Attacks)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kaba kuvvet sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, bir bilgisayar korsan\u0131 do\u011fru parolay\u0131 k\u0131rana kadar bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n parolas\u0131 \u00fczerinde art arda rastgele tahmin denemeleri yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda meydana gelir. 2FA, tahmin edilemeyen ek do\u011frulama isteyerek bu s\u00fcrecin tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Keylogging<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Keylogger’lar, kullan\u0131c\u0131 adlar\u0131n\u0131 ve parolalar\u0131 girdikleri zamanlar da dahil olmak \u00fczere, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n tu\u015f vuru\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kaydedebilen bir t\u00fcr k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131md\u0131r. Bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131, hesaplar\u0131 hacklemek ve hassas verileri \u00e7almak i\u00e7in bu \u00e7al\u0131nan kimlik bilgilerini kullan\u0131r. 2FA, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 oturum a\u00e7ma giri\u015fimleri hakk\u0131nda bilgilendirir ve ikinci kimlik do\u011frulama fakt\u00f6r\u00fc olmadan eri\u015fime izin verilemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Ortadaki Adam Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 (Man-in-the-Middle-Attacks)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ortadaki adam (MITM) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, bilgisayar korsan\u0131 bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 ile bir web sunucusu aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimi kesip m\u00fcdahale etti\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 oturum a\u00e7ma kimlik bilgilerini bir web sitesine girerken bilgisayar korsan\u0131 yetkisiz eri\u015fim elde etmek i\u00e7in bu veri al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fini gizlice dinleyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat bilgisayar korsan\u0131 bu ileti\u015fimleri ele ge\u00e7irse bile 2FA etkinle\u015ftirilmi\u015fse hesab\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in yine de ek do\u011frulamaya ihtiya\u00e7 duyar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki Fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc Kimlik Do\u011frulama T\u00fcrleri\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da en yayg\u0131n iki fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulama t\u00fcrlerini <\/strong>bulabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. SMS Do\u011frulamas\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

SMS do\u011frulama kodlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanan hizmetler, kullan\u0131c\u0131 oturum a\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n telefon numaras\u0131na bir metin mesaj\u0131 g\u00f6nderir. SMS, eri\u015fim elde etmek i\u00e7in ikinci fakt\u00f6r olarak kullan\u0131lan tek seferlik bir \u015fifre (OTP) do\u011frulama kodu i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7o\u011fu ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 cihazlar\u0131n\u0131 her zaman yan\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, SMS do\u011frulamas\u0131na eri\u015fim kolayd\u0131r, ancak bu \u00e7ok g\u00fcvenli de\u011fildir. Bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131, SIM kartlar\u0131 hackleyerek, klonlayarak veya metin mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015ftirerek kolayca SMS bilgilerinize ula\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Kimlik Do\u011frulama Kodu Olu\u015fturma Uygulamalar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulama kullanan bir\u00e7ok hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, ikinci do\u011frulama fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in Google Authenticator<\/strong> gibi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf kimlik do\u011frulama uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00fcvenir. Kimlik do\u011frulama uygulamalar\u0131, hem Apple hem de Android cihazlardaki herhangi bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131yla uyumlu hale getiren a\u00e7\u0131k bir standart kullan\u0131r. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar, cep telefonlar\u0131nda bir QR kodu tarayarak kimlik do\u011frulama uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 bu hizmetlere ba\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Google Authenticator gibi uygulamalarda her kod yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 saniye sonra zaman a\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, di\u011fer kimlik do\u011frulama kodu olu\u015fturma y\u00f6ntemlerinden daha fazla g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flar. Ayr\u0131ca, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n cihaz\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi durumunda ileride ba\u015fvurmak \u00fczere not edilmesi gereken hesap kurtarma kodlar\u0131yla birlikte gelirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Fiziksel Kimlik Do\u011frulama<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fiziksel kimlik do\u011frulama anahtarlar\u0131 nispeten yeni bir kimlik do\u011frulama ortam\u0131d\u0131r. YubiKey gibi donan\u0131m belirte\u00e7leri, 2FA’y\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in do\u011frudan bir cihaza yerle\u015ftirilebilir. Yubikey, OTP destekli hizmetlerle g\u00fcvenlik anahtar\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir USB s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir hizmete giri\u015f yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, YubiKey’i cihaz\u0131n\u0131n USB portuna takar, hesap \u015fifresini girer ve YubiKey’i kullanarak bir OTP olu\u015fturur ve iki a\u015famal\u0131 do\u011frulama s\u00fcrecini tamamlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Donan\u0131m belirte\u00e7leri, do\u011frudan web taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131yla ileti\u015fim kurarak oturum a\u00e7ma sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamalar\u0131na ve kimlik av\u0131 giri\u015fimlerini \u00f6nlemelerine izin verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in daha g\u00fcvenli bir se\u00e7enek olarak kabul edilir. Aksi takdirde, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar bilmeden kimli\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnme sitelerine kimlik do\u011frulama kodlar\u0131 girebilir. Bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131, ele ge\u00e7irilen bu kodlar\u0131 izin verilen s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131rsa, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n hesaplar\u0131na kolayca eri\u015febilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Uygulama Tabanl\u0131 Kimlik Do\u011frulama<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Art\u0131k bir\u00e7ok mobil uygulama, push bildirimleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uygulaman\u0131n kendi i\u00e7inde iki fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulama sunar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Google, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n mobil uygulama arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla giri\u015f yapma giri\u015fimlerini onaylayarak bilgisayar giri\u015flerini do\u011frulamalar\u0131na izin verir. Microsoft da benzer bir \u00f6zellik sa\u011flar. Apple, iOS kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131 ba\u015fka bir iOS ayg\u0131t\u0131na eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in bir ayg\u0131tta oturum a\u00e7ma bilgilerini do\u011frulamas\u0131na izin verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. E-posta Kimlik Do\u011frulama Kodlar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i uygulama ve hizmetler, kullan\u0131c\u0131lara kimlik do\u011frulama kodlar\u0131 g\u00f6nderir. Hala SFA’dan daha g\u00fcvenli bir kimlik do\u011frulama y\u00f6ntemi olsa da, e-posta hesaplar\u0131 bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a kolay bir sald\u0131r\u0131 vekt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kimlik do\u011frulama uygulamalar\u0131, do\u011frulama kodlar\u0131 i\u00e7in daha iyi veri g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130ki fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulama (2FA), kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kimliklerini do\u011frulamak ve ek bir hesap g\u00fcvenli\u011fi katman\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir t\u00fcr \u00e7ok fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulamad\u0131r (MFA). Bu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":7410,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guvenlik"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130ki Fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc Kimlik Do\u011frulama (2FA) Nedir? Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? - Niobe Hosting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/iki-faktorlu-kimlik-dogrulama-2fa-nedir-nasil-calisir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130ki Fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc Kimlik Do\u011frulama (2FA) Nedir? Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? - Niobe Hosting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0130ki fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulama (2FA), kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kimliklerini do\u011frulamak ve ek bir hesap g\u00fcvenli\u011fi katman\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir t\u00fcr \u00e7ok fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulamad\u0131r (MFA). 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