{"id":7308,"date":"2022-09-26T02:47:21","date_gmt":"2022-09-25T23:47:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/?p=7308"},"modified":"2022-09-26T02:51:49","modified_gmt":"2022-09-25T23:51:49","slug":"ips-ve-ids-nedir-nasil-calisir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/ips-ve-ids-nedir-nasil-calisir\/","title":{"rendered":"IPS ve IDS Nedir? Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

IDS ve IPS teknolojilerinin ne oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamaya ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, a\u011fa izinsiz giri\u015fin ne oldu\u011funu ve ne t\u00fcr g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fa izinsiz giri\u015flere izin verebilece\u011fini bilmeniz \u00f6nemlidir. A\u011fa izinsiz giri\u015f (network intrusion)<\/strong>, bir cihaz\u0131n veya sistemin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tehlikeye atan bir olayd\u0131r. Temel olarak bir a\u011fdaki herhangi bir yetkisiz faaliyet, bir a\u011fa izinsiz giri\u015f olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Tipik olarak, bir a\u011fa izinsiz giri\u015fin amac\u0131<\/strong>, a\u011f kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7almak veya verilere yetkisiz eri\u015fim sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. A\u011f izinsiz giri\u015flerine genellikle sosyal m\u00fchendislik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar, g\u00fcncel olmayan yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar vb. neden olur. Sistemlerinizi a\u011f izinsiz giri\u015flerinden koruman\u0131n en iyi yolu IDS ve IPS kullanmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPS Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

IPS (Intrusion Prevention System), \u0130zinsiz Giri\u015fi \u00d6nleme Sistemi <\/strong>anlam\u0131na gelir. A\u011flar\u0131n\u0131za ve sistemlerinize y\u00f6nelik g\u00fcvenlik tehditlerini tespit etmek ve \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir teknolojidir. IDS, tehditler hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmadan sadece tehditleri alg\u0131larken, IPS a\u011fdan ge\u00e7en trafik \u00fczerinde otomatik eylemler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPS Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

IPS’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi olduk\u00e7a basittir. A\u011fdaki t\u00fcm trafi\u011fi tarar ve ard\u0131ndan vir\u00fcsleri, solucanlar\u0131, DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 istismarlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlar ve \u00f6nler. Bir a\u011fa izinsiz giri\u015f alg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir IPS, izinsiz giri\u015fle ili\u015fkili IP adresini veya kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilir, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden programlayarak sald\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc tespit edebilir ve yeniden olmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilir, bir sald\u0131r\u0131dan sonra kalan k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 dosyalar\u0131 ve bilgileri de kald\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPS Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

IPS (g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 gibi) d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnya ile i\u00e7 a\u011f aras\u0131nda konumlan\u0131r. IPS, istismarlar\u0131 tespit etmek ve bunlara yan\u0131t vermek i\u00e7in a\u011f trafi\u011fi i\u00e7eri\u011fini analiz eden bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m platformudur. IPS, bilinen bir g\u00fcvenlik tehdidini temsil ediyorsa, bir g\u00fcvenlik profiline dayal\u0131 olarak a\u011f trafi\u011fini proaktif olarak reddeder. Bu, trafi\u011fin a\u011fa ula\u015fmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IPS, belirli bir kural k\u00fcmesine dayal\u0131 olarak a\u011f paketlerini kabul eder ve reddeder. \u0130\u015flem olduk\u00e7a basittir. Paketler \u015f\u00fcpheliyse ve belirli bir kural k\u00fcmesine ayk\u0131r\u0131ysa, IPS bunlar\u0131 reddeder. IPS sistemleri ayr\u0131ca, a\u011f tehditlerini tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in imza tabanl\u0131 alg\u0131lama ve tabii ki anormallik alg\u0131lamas\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, yeni tehdit profilleriyle s\u00fcrekli olarak g\u00fcncellenen bir veri taban\u0131 gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birka\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fit sald\u0131r\u0131 tespit sistemi mevcuttur. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da en yayg\u0131n d\u00f6rt tanesini bulabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • A\u011f tabanl\u0131 IPS – Network-based IPS (NIPS)<\/li>
  • A\u011f davran\u0131\u015f analizi – Network behavior analysis (NBA)<\/li>
  • Kablosuz IPS – Wireless IPS (WIPS)<\/li>
  • Ana bilgisayar tabanl\u0131 IPS – Host-based IPS (HIPS)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    1. A\u011f Tabanl\u0131 IPS (NIPS)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Bu t\u00fcr IPS, t\u00fcm a\u011f boyunca protokol paketlerini analiz ederek k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 etkinlikleri alg\u0131lar ve \u00f6nler. NIPS, a\u011f genelinde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan izin verilen ana bilgisayarlar\u0131, uygulamalar\u0131 ve i\u015fletim sistemlerini belirlemek i\u00e7in bir ana bilgisayar konsolundan ve a\u011fdan bilgi toplar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    NIPS, sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in TCP ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sonland\u0131rmak, bant geni\u015fli\u011fi kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamak ve hatta \u015f\u00fcpheli a\u011f etkinli\u011fini reddetmek gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilir. NIPS’in baz\u0131 dezavantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • NIPS, \u015fifrelenmi\u015f a\u011f trafi\u011fini analiz etmez.<\/li>
    • NIPS, y\u00fcksek trafik y\u00fcklerini i\u015flemez.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      2. A\u011f Davran\u0131\u015f Analizi (NBA)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      NBA sens\u00f6rleri ve programlar\u0131, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hizmet reddi (DDoS) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, belirli k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m t\u00fcrleri ve politika ihlalleri gibi ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 trafik ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 olu\u015fturan g\u00fcvenlik tehditlerini belirlemek i\u00e7in a\u011f trafi\u011fini inceler. NBA tespiti \u00f6ncelikle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki iki y\u00f6ntemi i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      • Anormallik tabanl\u0131 alg\u0131lama, sistem veya a\u011f etkinli\u011finde “normal” davran\u0131\u015f olarak bilinen davran\u0131\u015ftan sapmalar\u0131 arar. Anormallik tabanl\u0131 alg\u0131lama, belirli bir s\u00fcre boyunca normal davran\u0131\u015f olarak kabul edilen bir profilin olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu bir e\u011fitim d\u00f6nemi gerektirir. Burada iki sorun vard\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak, bir profil olu\u015fturulurken k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli bir davran\u0131\u015f normal olarak g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe kaydedilebilir. \u0130kincisi, anormallik tabanl\u0131 alg\u0131lama<\/strong>, ilk e\u011fitim d\u00f6neminde tan\u0131nmayan iyi huylu etkinlik nedeniyle bir\u00e7ok yanl\u0131\u015f pozitif \u00fcretir.<\/li>
      • Durum bilgisi olan protokol analizi alg\u0131lamas\u0131, normal a\u011f veya sistem davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sapmalar\u0131 da arar. Bu protokol analizi, kimli\u011fi do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f ve kimli\u011fi do\u011frulanmam\u0131\u015f durumlarda iyi huylu ve \u015f\u00fcpheli etkinlik aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yapmak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Katmanl\u0131 koruma sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in NIPS veya IDS IPS’nin bir uzant\u0131s\u0131 olarak bir NBA sistemi kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        3. Kablosuz IPS (WIPS)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        WIPS, a\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 cihazlar hakk\u0131nda bilgi toplar ve hileli eri\u015fim noktalar\u0131, DoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, yetkisiz eri\u015fim, ge\u00e7ici a\u011flar, sahtekarl\u0131k ve ortadaki adam sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 olaylar\u0131 tespit etme ve \u00f6nleme konusunda \u00e7ok etkilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        4. Ana Bilgisayar Tabanl\u0131 IPS (HIPS)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        HIPS, k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 etkinli\u011fi tespit etmek ve \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in tek bir ana bilgisayardaki etkinli\u011fi analiz eder. HIPS’in \u00fc\u00e7 ana amac\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        • \u015eifrelemeden yararlanan sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nleme.<\/li>
        • Ana bilgisayarda bulunan hassas bilgilere eri\u015fimi engelleme (bu, rootkit’lerin veya Truva atlar\u0131n\u0131n neden olabilece\u011fi olas\u0131 hasarlar\u0131 \u00f6nler).<\/li>
        • Ana makinenin bir a\u011fdaki k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 etkinli\u011fi i\u015flemesini \u00f6nleme.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          IDS Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          IDS (intrusion detection system)<\/strong>, izinsiz giri\u015f tespit sistemi anlam\u0131na gelir. Temel olarak a\u011f trafi\u011fi modellerini analiz ederek a\u011f izinsiz giri\u015flerini tespit etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir teknolojidir. Bir IDS, sadece herhangi bir \u015f\u00fcpheli etkinlik hakk\u0131nda y\u00f6neticiyi uyar\u0131r, veri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerinde herhangi bir etkisi yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          IDS Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          IDS taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan en yayg\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 teknoloji t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r. \u0130mza tabanl\u0131 IDS (signature-based IDS)<\/strong>, k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer izinsiz giri\u015flerin neden oldu\u011fu bilinen a\u011f modellerini arar. Anormallik tabanl\u0131 IDS (Anomaly-based IDS)<\/strong>, yeni geli\u015ftirilen k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 gibi \u00f6nceden bilinmeyen sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 alg\u0131lamak i\u00e7in makine \u00f6\u011frenimini kullan\u0131r. \u0130tibara dayal\u0131 IDS (reputation-based IDS)<\/strong>, belirli bir dosyan\u0131n itibar\u0131n\u0131 analiz eder ve y\u00f6neticiyi \u015f\u00fcpheli dosyalara kar\u015f\u0131 uyar\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          IDS Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          IDS sistemleri, g\u00fcvenlik ilkesi ihlalleri, k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar ve ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131 taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli davran\u0131\u015f t\u00fcrlerini alg\u0131lamak i\u00e7in mevcut a\u011f etkinli\u011fini bilinen bir tehdit veri taban\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. IDS \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri iki \u00e7e\u015fittir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          A\u011f \u0130zinsiz Giri\u015f Tespit Sistemi –\u00a0Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS):<\/strong> Bu t\u00fcr IDS, a\u011f boyunca yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f sens\u00f6rler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tehditler i\u00e7in a\u011f trafi\u011fini izler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Host Sald\u0131r\u0131 Tespit Sistemi – Host Intrusion Detection System (HIDS):<\/strong> Bu tip IDS, kurulu oldu\u011fu cihaz veya sistemdeki trafi\u011fi izler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          IDS sistemleri kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz. Tarama sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 izlemek ve ard\u0131ndan harekete ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in bir insan veya uygulama gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          IDS ve IPS Aras\u0131ndaki Farklar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          IDS platformu, kal\u0131plar i\u00e7in a\u011f trafi\u011fini analiz edebilir ve k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli sald\u0131r\u0131 kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131yabilir ancak paketlerin a\u011fa girmesini engelleyemez. IPS, bu trafi\u011fin a\u011f ile etkile\u015fimini engelleyebilecek bir tan\u0131lama ve olay yan\u0131t arac\u0131d\u0131r. IDS, sonu\u00e7lara bakmak ve hangi eylemlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirlemek i\u00e7in bir insan veya ba\u015fka bir sisteme ihtiya\u00e7 duyarken, IPS kendisi i\u00e7in tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f kurallara g\u00f6re ne yapaca\u011f\u0131na karar verebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, IPS, bir IDS’nin analiz i\u015flevselli\u011fini, m\u00fcdahale etme ve k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli paketlerin teslim edilmesini \u00f6nleme yetene\u011fi ile birle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          IDS ve IPS teknolojilerinin ne oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamaya ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, a\u011fa izinsiz giri\u015fin ne oldu\u011funu ve ne t\u00fcr g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fa izinsiz giri\u015flere izin verebilece\u011fini bilmeniz…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":7309,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guvenlik"],"yoast_head":"\nIPS ve IDS Nedir? 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