{"id":5429,"date":"2021-05-03T18:05:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-03T15:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/?p=5429"},"modified":"2021-04-27T15:55:05","modified_gmt":"2021-04-27T12:55:05","slug":"http2-ve-http3-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/http2-ve-http3-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"HTTP2 ve HTTP3 Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

HTTP Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn internet sitelerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesinde HTTP <\/strong>(H<\/strong>yperT<\/strong>ext T<\/strong>ransfer P<\/strong>rotocol) <\/a>\u00fcst\u00fcn metin transfer protokol\u00fc kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nternet yani www<\/strong> (W<\/strong>orld W<\/strong>ide W<\/strong>eb) veri al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi i\u00e7inde HTTP \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nternet sayfas\u0131 g\u00f6sterimi esnas\u0131nda bu protokol sayesinde kaynaklar aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc olu\u015fturulur. HTTP ilk olarak 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tim Berners Lee taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelene kadar da W3C<\/strong> (W<\/strong>orld W<\/strong>ide W<\/strong>eb C<\/strong>onsortium) <\/a>ve IETF<\/strong> (I<\/strong>nternet E<\/strong>ngineering T<\/strong>ask F<\/strong>orce)\u00a0 \u0130nternet M\u00fchendisli\u011fi G\u00f6rev G\u00fcc\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir tak\u0131m geli\u015ftirmelerle HTTP2 <\/strong>ve HTTP3<\/strong> versiyonlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HTTP Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nternet, ilk kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda herkes taraf\u0131ndan standart bir \u015fekilde eri\u015fim sa\u011flanabilmesi ve herkesin benzer deneyimi ya\u015famas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir tak\u0131m kurallar ve protokoller koyulma ihtiyac\u0131 da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nternet \u00fczerinden bilgi payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n belli katmanlar \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi planland\u0131 ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak TCP\/IP (T<\/strong>ransmission C<\/strong>ontrol P<\/strong>rotocol \/ I<\/strong>nternet P<\/strong>rotocol)<\/strong> ba\u011flant\u0131 modeli i\u00e7indeki belirli katmanlarda baz\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma, uygulama ve ba\u011flant\u0131 protokolleri (HTTP, UDP, IMAP, POP3<\/strong>) belli bir d\u00fczen i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere olu\u015fturuldu. HTTP<\/strong> (H<\/strong>yperT<\/strong>ext T<\/strong>ransfer P<\/strong>rotocol) uygulama katman\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve internet sitelerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesini sa\u011flayan protokold\u00fcr. Bunun i\u00e7in taray\u0131c\u0131m\u0131za bir URL<\/strong> (U<\/strong>niform R<\/strong>esource L<\/strong>ocator) girdi\u011fimizde taray\u0131c\u0131m\u0131z, HTTP<\/strong> protokol\u00fc ile \u0130stek<\/strong> (Request) yapar, sunucu<\/strong> (Server) HTTP protokol\u00fc ile 80 portundan <\/strong>(HTTPS ise 443 portu<\/strong>) gelen ba\u011flant\u0131 iste\u011fini kabul eder<\/strong> ve Cevap <\/strong>(Response) olarak web sitesinin kayna\u011f\u0131na eri\u015fimi (web sitesinin izin verdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde) serbest b\u0131rak\u0131r.<\/strong> B\u00f6ylece web sitesi taray\u0131c\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ekran\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

HTTPS<\/strong><\/a> <\/strong>(S<\/strong>ecure H<\/strong>yperT<\/strong>ext T<\/strong>ransfer P<\/strong>rotocol) protokol\u00fc ise ayn\u0131 i\u015flemlerin SSL<\/a><\/strong> (S<\/strong>ecure S<\/strong>ockets L<\/strong>ayer) denilen bir g\u00fcvenlik katman\u0131 \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini sa\u011flar b\u00f6ylece art niyetli ki\u015filerce kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifre gibi bilgilerin \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler ve g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eski teknoloji olan HTTP 1.1 protokol\u00fc <\/strong>uzun s\u00fcre kullan\u0131ld\u0131 ancak web sitelerinin i\u00e7eriklerinde bulunan medya say\u0131s\u0131 ve geli\u015fen yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle ba\u011flant\u0131 ve g\u00f6sterim h\u0131zlar\u0131nda sorunlar ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131, bu sebeple de geli\u015ftirme ihtiyac\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HTTP\/2 Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

HTTP\/2<\/strong>, HTTP 1.1 altyap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015f ve HTTP ana s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ikinci ana s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u00d6nceleri HTTP 1.1 sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmak ve h\u0131zland\u0131rmak ama\u00e7l\u0131 Google SPDY protokol\u00fc \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu sistem o kadar kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131yd\u0131 ve HTTP o kadar yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu ki, yerine yeni bir ba\u011flant\u0131 protokol\u00fc \u00fcretmek ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak zor olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tamamen HTTP temeli \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan geli\u015ftirmeler ile HTTP\/2 protokol\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HTTP\/2 de 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda onaya sunulmu\u015f ve 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda incelenmi\u015f ve bir standart olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2015 y\u0131l\u0131 sonuna do\u011fru da t\u00fcm pop\u00fcler web taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 HTTP\/2 yi destekler hale gelmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir\u00e7ok web sitesi halen bu teknolojiye ge\u00e7mi\u015f de\u011fil ancak geli\u015fmi\u015f sistemlere sahip b\u00fcy\u00fck firmalar HTTP3 protokol\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 bile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HTTP\/2 Getirdi\u011fi Avantajlar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

HTTP\/2 protokol\u00fc<\/strong> HTTP 1.1 den farkl\u0131 olarak web developera (web geli\u015ftiricileri) bir\u00e7ok avantaj sunuyor bunun yan\u0131nda uygulamada sadelik, kolayl\u0131k ve h\u0131z getirdi\u011fi di\u011fer avantajlar. Ayr\u0131ca kullan\u0131m esnas\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u015flemi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r, header s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak site h\u0131z\u0131nda belirgin art\u0131\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n