{"id":5281,"date":"2021-04-09T21:27:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-09T18:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/?p=5281"},"modified":"2021-05-03T11:37:48","modified_gmt":"2021-05-03T08:37:48","slug":"database-veri-tabani-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/database-veri-tabani-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Database (Veri Taban\u0131) Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0130nternet \u00fczerinde ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir\u00e7ok veri (bilgi), database denilen veri tabanlar\u0131nda saklan\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde neredeyse her bilginin dijital ortama aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve oradan y\u00f6netilmesi nedeniyle database sistemlerine ihtiya\u00e7 do\u011fmu\u015ftur. \u0130sterseniz \u201cVeri nedir?\u201d<\/strong> \u201cVeri taban\u0131 (database) nedir?<\/strong>\u201d sorular\u0131 \u00fczerinden giderek konumuzu detayland\u0131ral\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veri Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Veri bir konu ile ili\u015fkili ve onu ifade eden ger\u00e7eklere denebilir. Bir resim, video, ses, dosya, PDF, ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131z, kilonuz, ad\u0131n\u0131z ve soyad\u0131n\u0131z gibi bilgilerin her biri birer veridir. Bilgi yaz\u0131l\u0131mlardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r ve zaman ge\u00e7se de ve o bilgiyi i\u015fleyen programlar de\u011fi\u015fse de bilgi de\u011fi\u015fmez. O y\u00fczden verilerin (bilgilerin) s\u00fcreklili\u011fi ve saklanmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Database (Veri Taban\u0131) Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Database <\/strong>(Veri Taban\u0131) birbiriyle ilgili verilerin bir arada bulundurularak topland\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131flanarak depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlara denir. Verileri t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131flamak, gruplamak, birbirinden ay\u0131rmak verilerin kontrol ve idaresini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veriler \u201cTable\u201d<\/strong> ad\u0131yla olu\u015fturulmu\u015f tablolarda grupland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, bu \u201cTable\u201d<\/strong> denilen birimler, az \u00e7ok Excell tablolar\u0131na benzeyen sat\u0131rlar ve s\u00fctunlar \u00fczerinde gruplan\u0131r, kontrol ve y\u00f6netimi de komutlar yard\u0131m\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin bir do\u011falgaz \u015firketinin abonelerine ait, abone numaras\u0131, saya\u00e7 numaras\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015f fatura bilgileri, \u00f6denmemi\u015f fatura bilgileri, t\u00fcketim miktar\u0131 gibi veriler d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde bir Database\u2019de saklan\u0131r ve istenildi\u011fi zaman database ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 programlar yard\u0131m\u0131yla organize bir \u015fekilde geri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131labilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Database (Veritaban\u0131)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yine basit bir \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse telefonlar\u0131m\u0131zda bulunan rehberler birer Database\u2019dir. Ki\u015fi ad\u0131, soyad\u0131, telefon varsa e-mail gibi veriler, gruplar halinde ki\u015filere atan\u0131r ve istendi\u011fi zaman herhangi bir ki\u015fiye ait telefon numaras\u0131na \u201cTelefon Rehberi\u201d<\/strong> uygulamas\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131yla ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde veri kaydetmek, onlar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek ve y\u00f6netmek, DBMS<\/strong> (D<\/strong>ata B<\/strong>ase M<\/strong>anagement S<\/strong>ystem) Veri Taban\u0131 Y\u00f6netim Sistemleri ad\u0131 verilen \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u00e7larla yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veri Taban\u0131 (Database) T\u00fcrleri Nelerdir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k Veritaban\u0131 (Distributed Database)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ad\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere bu veri taban\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnde bilgiler da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131 veri taban\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak saklan\u0131r. Her bir veri taban\u0131 bilgisayar a\u011f\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131yla birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve tek bir veri taban\u0131 gibi kullan\u0131labilir. Bu \u015fekilde kullan\u0131m, database i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f donan\u0131m \u00f6zellikleri kullan\u0131ma ihtiyac\u0131 azalt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130li\u015fkisel Veritaban\u0131 (Relational Database)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde en \u00e7ok tercih edilen veri taban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemleri ili\u015fkisel veritaban\u0131 sistemini kullanmaktad\u0131r. Tablolar halindedir sat\u0131rlar ve s\u00fctunlar vard\u0131r, say\u0131sal ve s\u00f6zel i\u00e7eriklerden meydana gelmektedir ayr\u0131ca bilgi ekleyip \u00e7\u0131karmak kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E.F Codd taraf\u0131ndan 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve 1980 lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr veri tabanlar\u0131nda varl\u0131klar bire-bir, bire-\u00e7ok ve \u00e7oka-\u00e7ok ili\u015fkilendirme yap\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merkezi Veritaban\u0131 (Centralized Database)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k veri taban\u0131n\u0131n tam tersi mant\u0131kta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan veri taban\u0131 t\u00fcrleridir. Bir\u00e7ok bilgisayardan toplanan veri tek bir veri taban\u0131n (Database) da saklan\u0131r. Veri taba\u0131n\u0131 kullanan her birim kendilerine tan\u0131nan yetkilerle kendi verilerini kontrol edip y\u00f6netebilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu uygulama, \u00f6rne\u011fin bir otorite kontroll\u00fc i\u015flem yapan sermaye \u015firketlerine ait verilerin tek bir Database\u2019de saklanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. B\u00f6ylece t\u00fcm veriler bir otorite taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilmi\u015f ve manip\u00fclasyonun \u00f6nlenmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bulut Veritaban\u0131 (Cloud Database)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bulut (Cloud) platformlarda optimize edilerek sanalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veri taban\u0131 t\u00fcrleridir. Sanal ortamda olu\u015fturulmu\u015f veri taban\u0131 hem \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirme hemde kullan\u0131labilirlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha avantajl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nesneye Y\u00f6nelik Veritaban\u0131 (Object Oriented Database)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bu database t\u00fcr\u00fcnde veriler nesneler bi\u00e7iminde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Sesten videoya, yaz\u0131dan grafi\u011fe kadar \u00e7e\u015fitlilikte veri \u00e7e\u015fitleri \u00f6zel programlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla organize edilir. Bir proglama diliyle olu\u015fturulan nesneler veri taban\u0131 nesnesi olarak alg\u0131lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7\u0131k Kaynak Veritaban\u0131 (Open Source Database)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Yine ad\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu ve eri\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131k, veri taban\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015flemler yapman\u0131za olanak veren \u00fccretsiz database t\u00fcrleridir. Bu veriler farkl\u0131 kaynaklardan elde edilir ve \u00e7e\u015fitli kurulu\u015flarca yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. Makine \u00f6\u011frenmesi ve yapay zeka modellerinde kullan\u0131lan veriler bu tarz veri tabanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NoSQL Veritaban\u0131 (NoSQL Database)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmelerinin oldu\u011fu veri tabanlar\u0131 ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015f database mant\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman \u00e7ok fazla transaction i\u015flemek gerekir ve bu da sistem kaynaklar\u0131na a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fck bindirmekteydi bu sebeple NoSQL<\/strong> veri tabanlar\u0131 olu\u015fturuldu. Baz\u0131 transaction \u00f6zelliklerinden feragat ederek ve veriyi da\u011f\u0131tarak bu sorun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc. Yani b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlu ve yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f verileri analiz etmek i\u00e7in NoSQL<\/strong> veri taban\u0131 sistemleri kullanmak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grafik Veritaban\u0131 (Graph Database)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bu tarz veritaban\u0131 uygulamas\u0131nda verilerin depolanmas\u0131, indekslenmesi ve sorgulanmas\u0131 grafik teorisi \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu database \u00e7e\u015fidinde Node<\/strong> (varl\u0131klar) ve Edge <\/strong>(ili\u015fkiler) mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle sosyal a\u011f olu\u015fturmada bu veri taban\u0131 modeli kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130li\u015fkisel veri taban\u0131 ile NoSQL veritabanlar\u0131ndaki performans sorunlar\u0131 ve karma\u015f\u0131k hiyerar\u015fik verileri i\u015fleme sorunlar\u0131 ortadan kalkar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u015fisel Veri Taban\u0131 (Personal Database)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u015fisel verilerin depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131 veri tabanlar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir \u015firketin ayn\u0131 departman\u0131ndaki personelin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 veritaban\u0131 buna \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Belge\/JSON Veri Taban\u0131 (Document\/JSON Database)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Belge odakl\u0131 bir veri taban\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr veriler, sat\u0131r ve s\u00fctunlar yerine JSON, XML<\/a> ve BSON formatlar\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan koleksiyonlarda saklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Database Bile\u015fenleri Nelerdir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Donan\u0131m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Veritaban\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan t\u00fcm bilgisayar depolama cihaz\u0131 gibi, elektronik cihazlar bu ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplanabilir. Veriler fiziki olarak bu donan\u0131mlar \u00fczerinden ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve onlar sayesinde saklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131l\u0131m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bir veri taban\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netebilmek i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulmu\u015f programlar bu kategoride de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin elimizde bir siteye ait aidat \u00f6deme verilerini saklayabilmek i\u00e7in nas\u0131l bir bilgisayara ve excel program\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z varsa, veritaban\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek ve bilgiyi almak i\u00e7in de benzer yaz\u0131l\u0131mlara ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Veri bu i\u015fin merkezindeki en temel nesnedir. Ancak bu nesneler ham haldeyken ve  organize edilmemi\u015f, d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015f olsa istenilen veriyi bulmam\u0131z uzun bir s\u00fcre kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Bu sebeple veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemleri olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veri Taban\u0131 Eri\u015fim Dili<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Veri taban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemi kullan\u0131lsa dahi bu aray\u00fcz \u00fczerinden veriye ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in bir dizi komut ve eri\u015fim dili kullanmak gerekir. Bu bile\u015fen de i\u015fimizi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve kurallar haline getirmemizi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veri Taban\u0131 Y\u00f6netim Sistemi (Database Management System) DBMS Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Belirli g\u00fcvenlik kurallar\u0131 ve yetkilendirme metodlar\u0131 ile veriye ula\u015fmak de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ve organize etmemize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan komplike sistemlerdir. Veri taban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemleri sayesinde kullan\u0131c\u0131lar, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer ve sistemi organize edenler kolayl\u0131kla veri taban\u0131na eri\u015fir veya y\u00f6netir. Genelde \u00fccretli veya bazen \u00fccretsiz olabilen DBMS sistemleri bulunur. \u0130sterseniz en \u00e7ok bilinen D<\/strong>atabase M<\/strong>anagement S<\/strong>ystem (DBMS<\/strong>) ler hangileridir onlardan bahsedelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DBMS (Database Management System) \u00c7e\u015fitleri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

MySQL<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

En \u00e7ok bilinen veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemi MySQL<\/a><\/strong>\u2019dir. Web sunucular\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7ok  kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 DBMS<\/strong>\u2019 dir. ASP ve PHP<\/a> gibi web programlama dilleri ile kullan\u0131labilir. Alt\u0131 milyondan fazla sistemde y\u00fckl\u00fc ve \u00e7ok kullan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131 bir sistemdir. Ticari kullan\u0131m\u0131 lisans gerektirir ve Oracle taraf\u0131ndan lisanslama yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SQLite<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu, bir program y\u00fcklemeden web tabanl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131labilen ve halka a\u00e7\u0131k bir veri taban\u0131 motorudur.  SQLite<\/strong> bir\u00e7ok programlama dili i\u00e7inde kolayca kullan\u0131labilmektedir. D. Richard Hipp taraf\u0131ndan 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerikan Donanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in tasarland\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu olarak herkesin kullan\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. SQLite, sunucusuz i\u015flemsel bir SQL (S<\/strong>tructured Q<\/strong>uery L<\/strong>anguage) <\/strong>yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sorgu dili veri taban\u0131 motoru kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MariaDB<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

MariaDB<\/strong>, MySQL in kodlar\u0131ndan fork edilen ve a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu hale getirilen bir Database Management System\u2019 idir. GNU Kamu lisans\u0131 ile da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Topluluk taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmeye devam ediliyor. MySQL den t\u00fcretildi\u011fi i\u00e7in birebir ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dccretsiz kullan\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle de olduk\u00e7a pop\u00fclerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MongoDB<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Belge tabanl\u0131 veritaban\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc olan MongoDB<\/strong>, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodludur ve \u00fccretsiz kullan\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Verileri JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) belgeleri \u015feklinde saklar. Ayr\u0131ca da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k yap\u0131da oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yatayda ve dikeyde \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirme \u015fans\u0131 vermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oracle<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Oracle<\/strong> veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemi, ili\u015fkisel veri taban\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr ve Oracle firmas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u00dccretli olarak lisanslan\u0131r, b\u00fcy\u00fck verilerin saklanmas\u0131 ve y\u00f6netildi\u011fi bilinen veri taban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemlerindendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PostgreSQL<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

PostgreSQL<\/strong> nesne y\u00f6nelik ve ili\u015fkisel veritaban\u0131 t\u00fcrlerindendir. A\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu ve \u00fccretsiz lisanslama imkan\u0131 veriyor. Performanstan \u00f6te stabilite mant\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve verilerin sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nem arz etti\u011fi durumlarda tercih edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Microsoft Access<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Microsoft firmas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurgulanan Access<\/strong>, bir ili\u015fkisel veri taban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemidir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli veritabanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bir veritaban\u0131 dosyas\u0131nda birden fazla tablo olu\u015fturabilir, bu tablolar aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki kurabilirsiniz. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fc sayesinde geleneksel veri taban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemlerindeki gibi yazman\u0131z gereken karma\u015f\u0131k komutlar dizisi yerine kolayca veri y\u00f6netimi yapabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Microsoft SQL Server<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Sybase SQL Server taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi ve Microsoft taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra Microsoft SQL Server ile veritaban\u0131 piyasas\u0131na giri\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok versiyona sahip olan Microsoft SQL Server k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 olanaklarla \u00fccretsiz bir versiyon kullanma imkan\u0131 da sunuyor. Enterprise s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00fcksek maliyetiyle g\u00f6ze \u00e7arp\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130nternet \u00fczerinde ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir\u00e7ok veri (bilgi), database denilen veri tabanlar\u0131nda saklan\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde neredeyse her bilginin dijital ortama aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve oradan y\u00f6netilmesi nedeniyle database sistemlerine ihtiya\u00e7…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":5286,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-programlama"],"yoast_head":"\nDatabase (Veri Taban\u0131) Nedir? - Niobe Hosting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/database-veri-tabani-nedir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Database (Veri Taban\u0131) Nedir? - Niobe Hosting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0130nternet \u00fczerinde ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir\u00e7ok veri (bilgi), database denilen veri tabanlar\u0131nda saklan\u0131r. 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