{"id":4403,"date":"2020-11-18T18:44:43","date_gmt":"2020-11-18T15:44:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/?p=4403"},"modified":"2020-11-18T18:44:47","modified_gmt":"2020-11-18T15:44:47","slug":"cpu-islemci-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/cpu-islemci-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"CPU (\u0130\u015flemci) Nedir? Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? \u0130\u015flemciler Hakk\u0131nda Bilmeniz Gereken Her \u015eey"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

CPU (Central Processing Unit – Merkezi \u0130\u015flem Birimi)<\/strong> yani i\u015flemci<\/strong>, milyarlarca mikroskobik transist\u00f6rden olu\u015fan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7iptir. \u0130ki ana bile\u015feni vard\u0131r: Aritmetik mant\u0131k birimi (ALU) ve kontrol birimi (CU). Kontrol \u00fcnitesi (CU), bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ana belle\u011finden talimatlar\u0131 almaktan ve bu talimatlar\u0131 komutlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmekten sorumludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan, ALU bu komutlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr ve ana belle\u011fe kaydeder. Ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi aritmetik ve mant\u0131ksal i\u015flemler yapar. Toplama, \u00e7\u0131karma, \u00e7arpma ve b\u00f6lme gibi matematiksel i\u015flemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Mant\u0131ksal i\u015flemler i\u00e7in say\u0131, harf veya \u00f6zel karakter olabilecek de\u011ferleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015flemciler Ne Zaman Geli\u015ftirildi?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk bilgisayarlarda kullan\u0131lan ilk CPU (i\u015flemci)<\/strong>, bilgisayar \u00e7iplerindeki mikroskobik transist\u00f6rlerden ziyade vakum t\u00fcplerinden ve elektrik r\u00f6lelerinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn mikroi\u015flemcili bilgisayarlar\u0131na k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok fazla g\u00fcce ihtiya\u00e7 duymu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1946\u2019da tan\u0131t\u0131lan ilk genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 elektronik bilgisayar olan ENIAC\u2019\u0131n CPU<\/strong> ve giri\u015f \/ \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f devrelerini olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 18.000 vakum t\u00fcp\u00fc kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1946 ile 1956 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm bilgisayarlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda enerji t\u00fcketen ve s\u00fcrekli bak\u0131ma ihtiya\u00e7 duyan hacimli CPU’lar\u0131 vard\u0131. S\u0131k s\u0131k yanan vakum t\u00fcpleri s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015ftiriliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1948’de Amerikal\u0131 fizik\u00e7iler John Bardeen, Walter Brattain ve William Shockley, transist\u00f6r ad\u0131 verilen devrim niteli\u011findeki cihaz\u0131 ilk kez tan\u0131tt\u0131klar\u0131nda, vakum t\u00fcplerinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlara bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm geldi. Transist\u00f6r, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve daha g\u00fcvenilir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve bir vakum t\u00fcp\u00fcnden \u00e7ok daha az g\u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcketme potansiyeline sahipti. Transist\u00f6rlerin vakum t\u00fcplerine g\u00f6re sundu\u011fu \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck avantajlara ra\u011fmen, ticari bir bilgisayarda kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131 dokuz y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Devrelerinde transist\u00f6rleri kullanan ilk ticari bilgisayar, 1956’da Birle\u015fik Devletler Hava Kuvvetleri’ne teslim edilen UNIVAC\u2019t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilgisayar \u00e7ipinin geli\u015ftirilmesi 1958’de Texas Instruments’tan Jack Kilby’nin bir CPU’nun  \u00e7e\u015fitli bile\u015fenlerini tek bir silikon par\u00e7as\u0131na entegre etmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu bilgisayar \u00e7ipleri, ayn\u0131 \u00e7ip \u00fczerinde birden fazla elektronik devreyi birle\u015ftirdikleri i\u00e7in entegre devreler (IC’ler) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Sonraki tasar\u0131m ve \u00fcretim ilerlemeleri, entegre devrelerdeki transist\u00f6r yo\u011funluklar\u0131n\u0131n muazzam bir \u015fekilde artmas\u0131na izin verdi. Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn CPU’lar\u0131nda bulunan \u00e7ip ba\u015f\u0131na milyonlarca, hatta milyarlarca transist\u00f6re k\u0131yasla ilk IC’lerde \u00e7ip ba\u015f\u0131na onlarca transist\u00f6r vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1967’de Fairchild Semiconductor, sekiz bitlik bir i\u015flemci i\u00e7in t\u00fcm aritmetik mant\u0131k i\u015flevlerini i\u00e7eren tek bir entegre devre tan\u0131tt\u0131. Bununla birlikte, tamamen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir entegre devre bilgisayar\u0131 i\u00e7in ek devreler gerekiyordu. Intel Corporation bunu 1971’de Intel 4004 mikroi\u015flemciyi piyasaya s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems, sekiz bitlik bir mikroi\u015flemciye sahip ilk ki\u015fisel bilgisayar kiti olan Altair 8800’\u00fc tan\u0131tt\u0131. Mikroi\u015flemciler \u00e7ok ucuz ve g\u00fcvenilir olduklar\u0131ndan, bilgi i\u015flem teknolojisi bireylerin h\u0131zla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bilgisayar sat\u0131n alabilecekleri noktaya geldi. Ki\u015fisel bilgisayar kavram\u0131, mikroi\u015flemci CPU’nun geli\u015fiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1978\u2019de Intel, x86 CPU’lar\u0131n\u0131n ilki olan 8086 16 bit mikroi\u015flemciyi piyasaya s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bilgisayar end\u00fcstrisinin rekabet\u00e7i do\u011fas\u0131, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve daha uygun maliyetli bilgi i\u015flem kullan\u0131m\u0131, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 CPU’lar\u0131n piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesine olanak tan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CPU (\u0130\u015flemci) Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

CPU (i\u015flemci)<\/strong> genellikle bir bilgisayar\u0131n beyni olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n talimatlar\u0131 alan, hesaplamalar yapan ve eylemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Spesifik olarak, bir CPU’nun d\u00f6rt i\u015flevi vard\u0131r: Talimatlar\u0131 almak, \u00e7\u00f6zmek, y\u00fcr\u00fctmek ve saklamak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CPU ilk olarak bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n belle\u011finden talimatlar\u0131 al\u0131r. Daha sonra, bilgisayar\u0131n talimatlar\u0131 anlayabilmesi i\u00e7in bu talimatlar\u0131n kodunu \u00e7\u00f6zer veya ikili talimatlara \u00e7evirir. Son olarak, bu talimatlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr ve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 belle\u011finde depolar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu getirme-\u00e7\u00f6zme-y\u00fcr\u00fctme d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda, CPU’nuz register (i\u015flemcilerin bilgi tutmaya yarayan haz\u0131r veri depolama yuvalar\u0131) ve RAM gibi di\u011fer bile\u015fenlerle de etkile\u015fime girer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CPU (\u0130\u015flemci) Mimari Yap\u0131lar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bilgisayar mimarisi, birden \u00e7ok bilgisayar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiden (bir “istemci-sunucu” modeli gibi) bir bilgisayar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki belirli bile\u015fenlere kadar her \u015feyi i\u00e7eren geni\u015f bir konudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En \u00f6nemli donan\u0131m tasar\u0131m\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc, bir bilgisayar\u0131n i\u015flemci mimarisidir. \u0130\u015flemcinin tasar\u0131m\u0131, bilgisayarda hangi yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilece\u011fini ve di\u011fer hangi donan\u0131m bile\u015fenlerinin desteklendi\u011fini belirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Intel’in x86 i\u015flemci mimarisi, \u00e7o\u011fu bilgisayar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan standart mimaridir. Bilgisayar \u00fcreticileri bu tasar\u0131m\u0131 kullanarak, farkl\u0131 donan\u0131m bile\u015fenlerini i\u00e7eren ancak ayn\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran makineler olu\u015fturabilir. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Apple, Macintosh platformunu Windows PC’lerle daha uyumlu hale getirmek i\u00e7in PowerPC mimarisinden x86 mimarisine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir\u00e7ok i\u015flemci mimarisi vard\u0131r, ancak bunlar\u0131n hepsi sadece 2 temel mimaride toplan\u0131r: C.I.S.C (Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k Komut Setli \u0130\u015flemci) ve R.I.S.C (\u0130ndirgenmi\u015f Komut Setli \u0130\u015flemci).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CISC (<\/strong>Complex Instruction Set Computing)<\/strong>, derleyici geli\u015ftirmeyi daha kolay ve basit hale getirmek i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Belle\u011fi verimli kullanan, programlamas\u0131 kolay olan \u00e7iplerdir. CISC, i\u015flemciye makine talimatlar\u0131 olu\u015fturma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

RISC (<\/strong>Reduced Instruction Set Computing)<\/strong>, daha az say\u0131da bilgisayar talimat\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla daha y\u00fcksek h\u0131zda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir. Daha y\u00fcksek h\u0131zda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in daha az say\u0131da bilgisayar talimat\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir mikroi\u015flemcidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015flemci H\u0131zlar\u0131 Ne Anlama Gelir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bir i\u015flemci h\u0131z\u0131<\/strong>, saniyede ka\u00e7 d\u00f6ng\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Saat h\u0131z\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda PC frekans\u0131 ve CPU frekans\u0131<\/strong> olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Gigahertz cinsinden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr ve GHz olarak k\u0131salt\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir bilgisayar\u0131n saat h\u0131z\u0131, performans\u0131n ve bir CPU’nun verileri ne kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 i\u015fleyebilece\u011finin bir g\u00f6stergesidir. Daha y\u00fcksek bir frekans, oyun oynama gibi yayg\u0131n g\u00f6revlerde daha iyi performans g\u00f6sterir. Daha y\u00fcksek saat h\u0131z\u0131na sahip bir i\u015flemci, di\u011fer t\u00fcm fakt\u00f6rler e\u015fitse genellikle daha iyidir, ancak saat h\u0131z\u0131, CPU’nun d\u00f6ng\u00fc ba\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7 komut i\u015fleyebilece\u011fi ve CPU<\/strong>‘nun sahip oldu\u011fu \u00e7ekirdek say\u0131s\u0131, genel performans\u0131 belirlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saat h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n bir CPU’nun sahip oldu\u011fu \u00e7ekirdek say\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n; \u00e7ekirdekler, daha az yayg\u0131n olan ve zaman alan i\u015f y\u00fckleriyle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Saat h\u0131z\u0131, bir bilgisayar\u0131n fare, klavye ve monit\u00f6r gibi d\u0131\u015f \u00e7evre birimleriyle veya bile\u015fenlerle ne kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 ileti\u015fim kurabildi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen veri yolu h\u0131z\u0131yla da kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7o\u011fu modern i\u015flemci, minimum “temel” saat h\u0131z\u0131ndan maksimum “turbo” h\u0131z\u0131na kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli saat h\u0131zlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u0130\u015flemci zorlu bir g\u00f6revle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u015fin daha h\u0131zl\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in saat h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak art\u0131rabilir. Ancak, daha y\u00fcksek saat h\u0131zlar\u0131 daha fazla \u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretir ve kendilerini tehlikeli bir \u015fekilde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nmadan korumak i\u00e7in, i\u015flemciler \u00e7ok \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131nda daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir frekansa “k\u0131s\u0131l\u0131rlar”. Daha iyi bir i\u015flemci so\u011futucusu, daha y\u00fcksek s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir h\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En \u0130yi \u0130\u015flemci Markas\u0131 Hangisi?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bir diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar veya masa\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar almak istedi\u011finizde, kontrol etmeniz gereken ilk \u015feylerden biri i\u015flemcinin markas\u0131d\u0131r. En pop\u00fcler se\u00e7enekler Intel ve AMD oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu 2 i\u015flemci markas\u0131 aras\u0131nda kalabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki marka, hangi i\u015flemcinin daha iyi oldu\u011funa karar vermenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir mi? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asl\u0131nda bunun tam bir cevab\u0131 yok, bu durum kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131za ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fecektir. Ne kadar h\u0131za ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z var? Core i7-7Y75 CPU, AMD Ryzen 7 3700X’den daha m\u0131 iyidir? Bu sorular\u0131n cevaplar\u0131, kullan\u0131m amac\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu nedenle, ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bilmedi\u011finiz s\u00fcrece markalara bakmak size yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmayacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diyelim ki Intel i\u015flemci almak istiyorsunuz, bu bile kendi i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gereken bir problem olarak kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kacak. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Intel\u2019in en son \u00fcr\u00fcn yelpazesinde bile iki d\u00fczineden fazla model var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Intel Core mu yoksa AMD Ryzen m\u0131 daha iyi?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ok yak\u0131n zamana kadar, AMD i\u015flemciler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck performansl\u0131 bilgisayarlarla ili\u015fkilendiriliyordu. Ancak \u015firket, 2017’nin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda yeni Ryzen Mobile Platform\u2019u tan\u0131tt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yap\u0131lan testler Ryzen 5 modelinin, Core I5 kadar iyi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Hatta Ryzen 5’li HP Envy X360’\u0131n Core I5-8250U \u00e7ipli \u00f6zde\u015f modelden daha iyi oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hangisini kullanmal\u0131y\u0131m? Core i3, Core i5, Core i7, Core i9 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Intel i3, i5, i7 ve i9 gibi isimleri i\u015flemcinin h\u0131z\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak koymu\u015ftur. i3 en yava\u015f olan i\u015flemci, i7 ve i9 ise en h\u0131zl\u0131 olan i\u015flemci t\u00fcrleridir<\/strong>. i5 normal ev kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in idealdir. Bununla birlikte, bilgisayarda yo\u011fun olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z ya da oyun ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131s\u0131ysan\u0131z, i7 veya i9 i\u015flemcileri tercih edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131da sizinle CPU\u2019nun (i\u015flemci)<\/strong> ne oldu\u011funu, nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ne i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vb. \u0130\u015flemcilerle ilgili merak edebilece\u011finiz bir\u00e7ok \u015feyi payla\u015ft\u0131k. \u0130\u015flemcilerle ilgili merak etti\u011finiz farkl\u0131 \u015feyler varsa, yorum b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bize yaz\u0131n. \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fimizi geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in deneyimlerinizi ve \u00f6nerilerinizi payla\u015fmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

CPU (Central Processing Unit – Merkezi \u0130\u015flem Birimi) yani i\u015flemci, milyarlarca mikroskobik transist\u00f6rden olu\u015fan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7iptir. \u0130ki ana bile\u015feni vard\u0131r: Aritmetik mant\u0131k birimi (ALU)…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":4410,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji"],"yoast_head":"\nCPU (\u0130\u015flemci) Nedir? Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? \u0130\u015flemciler Hakk\u0131nda Bilmeniz Gereken Her \u015eey - Niobe Hosting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.niobehosting.com\/blog\/cpu-islemci-nedir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CPU (\u0130\u015flemci) Nedir? 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